Term
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Definition
| 4 Types of Federal Courts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Original Jurisdiction. Lowest Level, Most Common, 94 Fed Court Districts, At least 1 in each state. |
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| Federal Circuit Courts of Appeal |
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Definition
| 12 Circuits. Appellate Jurisdictions. |
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| Federal Circuit Courts of Appeal |
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Definition
| 12 Circuits. Appellate Jurisdictions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Highest Level. Both Original/Appellate Jurisdiction. 9 Justices. Not requiered to accept any case/appeal. |
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Term
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| Federal Court for National Law. Highly specialized. (Claims court, Tax court, Customs court, Patent Claims Court) |
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Term
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Definition
| President nominates, senate consents, appointment is for life. |
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| all the things that congress does to oversee/monitor the executive branch. |
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Term
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Definition
| President, VP, First Lady, Cabinet, White House Staff. Support Offered: Advisory, Information, Logistical. |
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| Has become less important since the VP has become more involved. Composed of the Major heads of Departments, called secretaries of the departments: Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Attorney General, Secretary of Defense. |
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Term
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Definition
| Being defined as a job more. Has Staff. Has Work Schedule. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT became model of the first lady. Jackie Kennedy, higher visibility. |
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Term
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Definition
| series of obstacles that bills must go through. |
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Term
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Definition
| how you can deliberately create areas of one-partyism, one party dominance in a particular area. ---> electoral districts are shaped to improve the chances that one party will dominate in that district. |
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Term
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Definition
| the kind of party system in which a country runs with. US = 2 party system beacuse we have two COMPETITIVE parties, they have a realistic chance of winning elections. |
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Definition
| One Party, Two Party, Multi-Party System |
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Term
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Definition
| firmly committed to their beliefs and systems and hope to convert people to their beliefs. |
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Term
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Definition
| does not emphasize principles, they emphasize winning elections. |
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Term
| Gerrymandering Packing or Cracking |
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Definition
| Packing: putting as many affiliates of a party in one district. Cracking: splitting apart the republicans in the creation of district lines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Done by -Families, -Peer Groups, -Schools, there is no formal membership requirements, it is completely self-identification. |
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Term
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Definition
| NRA, Sierra Club, MADD. They have similar goals as political parties. They attempt to influence the political system for their goals. Sometimes an interest group can evolve into a political party ---> The Green Movement = Green Party. |
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Term
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Definition
| methods used by interest groups to influence the government to get a decision favorable to the groups interest. They can support certain candidates, bring lawsuits into court. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Origins (someone comes up with idea)
2. Drafting (turning it into a written bill)
3. Sponsor (has to have at least two sponsors, one senator and one representative)
4. Introduction (Sponsors have to introduce into house of reps and senate, put draft into wodden box --> "toss the hopper"
5. Committees (after accepted from senate and house, the committee |
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Term
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Definition
There are formal and informal functions:
1. Legislate - Make Laws
2. Representation - give voice to the citizen
3. Advice and Consent - for appointment of an office, congress/senate must approve.
4. Impeachment - judicial
5. Electoral Function - if the electoral college is tied for president, house votes for the president and the senate votes for the vice president.
6. Informational - generate info to help make decisions. |
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Term
| Modern Congress Vs Pre-Modern Congress |
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Definition
Modern: Low Turnover (same people), Work Load (extremely high), Civility (how well they get along with each other, today there are laws to designate who speaks, no disrespect)
Pre-Modern: High Turnover (new faces all the time, old avg. term was 5-8 years) Washington was lame (small primitive town, underdeveloped, unhealthy) |
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Term
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Definition
| house and senate, composed of two branches. |
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Term
| Factors contributing to conflict with president and congress |
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Definition
a. Persistent (enviornmental factors)
1. different constituencies
2. Different time perspectives
3. Honeymoon period
4. Structure of congress
5. Constitution
b. Variable factors
1. Divided government
2. Presidential popularity
3. Leadership style |
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Term
| Methods of representation |
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Definition
| personal contact, written communication, electoral connection, efficacy, time and attention |
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Term
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Definition
| Where a bill turns into a law |
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Term
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Definition
branch where laws are passed through the legislation process of 5 stages/steps: 1. Origins
2. Drafting
3. Sponsor
4. Introduction
5. Committees |
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Term
| Legislation Process (cont.)what are some examples of stage one-Origins? |
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Definition
Executive, interest groups, and
legislation |
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Term
L.P. (cont.)
stage 2. Sponsor |
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Definition
| at least two sponsors; one from house and senate to represent each chamber |
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Term
L.P (cont.)
stage 4. Introduction |
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Definition
| Sponsor introduces bill; requirements are: 1.) bill must pass through senate and house separately for it to be a law; 2.) bill must pass through each chamber in the exact same words; 3) bill must pass through all two chambers within 2 years. |
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Term
L.P. (cont.)
stage 5. Committees |
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Definition
three kinds:
a) Standing (subject matter committes called specialization): their topics cover subject areas and considered standing b/c of their continuous existence i.e. armed services committee, judiciary committee, agriculture committee; these committees provide two things: specialization and tend to be a fixed number of (exlusive) members.
b) Select: organized for a particular pupose and once it has been accomplished then it is demolished. Served to investigate particular issues, event/problems and report about findings. Not a legislative comittee, not fixed, exclusive membership.
c) Joint: not exclusive membership, noth house and senate work together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Three natures: group nature, political nature, and electoral nature |
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Term
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Definition
| works in favor of the repulican and demorcratic parites and making it impossible for any third party |
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Term
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Definition
3 party systems:
one party, two party, three party |
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Term
| What kind of a party system do we have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Single member/lurality system |
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Definition
| biased in favor of big parties because small groups are victimized by single member plurality. |
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Term
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Definition
| if we had a multi-member porportional system then it would lower the bias in big partys and more groups could win. |
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Term
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Definition
| parties holding on to beliefs and giving them to voters. |
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Term
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Definition
| doesn't emphasize commitments to principles rather to win elections and then to adapt to the principles. |
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Term
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Definition
| here is where both the senate and the house of representatives come together to agree on the bill. |
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Term
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Definition
| fundamental to our society; doing what the people want. |
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Term
| methods of representation |
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Definition
1. correspondence (aka descriptive); assumes that people can be authentically represented by the people being represented.
2. Contact; depends on interaction, what the representative does and who the representative is; communication through letter (political mail and service mail) and face to face. |
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