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Intro to Geography and Maps
The vocabulary for the 2010 Advanced Placement Human Geography Exam.
52
Geography
10th Grade
05/01/2010

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Cards

Term
Environmental Determinism
Definition
cultures are a direct result of where they exist
Term
Possiblist
Definition
suggest that humans are not a product of their environment but possess the skills necessary to modify their environment to fit human needs. 
Term
Equal-Area Projection
Definition
keep the size or amount of area intact but distort shapes
Term
Conformal Maps
Definition
the distance between latitude lines increases the farther one moves away from the common line of latitude
Term
Cylindrical Map
Definition
show true direction but loses distance. 
Term
Planar Projection
Definition
any azimuthal map, which shows true direction and examines the Earth from one point-usually a pole or polar projections, is an example o fa planar class
Term
Oval Projection
Definition
the combination of the cylindrical and conic projection. Molleweide projection is an oval projection
Term
Flow-line maps 
Definition
are good for determining movement
Term
Choropleth Maps
Definition
put data into a spatial format and are useful for determining demographic data, such as infant mortality rates
Term
Cartograms
Definition
chart and assign data by size. 
Term
Toponym 
Definition
indicate strength in a factor, place name on a map, false projections
Term
Human Geography
Definition
is the study of human characteristics on the landscape
Term
Physical geography
Definition
examines the physical features of the Earth and tries to define how they work. 
Term
Fives Themes of Geography 
Definition
Place, Region, Location, Human-environment interaction, and Spatial interaction or movement
Term
Place
Definition
is the description of what and how we see and experience a certain aspect of the Earth's surface
Term
Region
Definition
links places together using any parameter the geographer chooses
Term
Formal Regions
Definition
regions where anything and everything inside has the same characteristic or phenomena. Includes religion, languages, or cultural trait
Term
Functional Region 
Definition
Defined around a certain point or node. 
Term
Distance Decay 
Definition
The sphere of influence that is reduced as the distance increases. 
Term
Perceptual Region/Vernacular Region 
Definition
Exist primarily in an individual's feelings. 
Term
Relative Location 
Definition
giving location in referance to another feature on the Earth's surface. 
Term
Absolute Location 
Definition
using latitude and longitude coordinates. 
Term
Site 
Definition
internal, physical characteristics of a place
Term
Mental map 
Definition
is a map that the person believes to exist. 
Term
Latitudes or parallels
Definition
parallel lines that run east/west on the surface of the Earth
Term
Equater
Definition
imaginary lines at 0 degrees latitude. 
Term
Longitudes or Meridians 
Definition
lines that run north and south. 
Term
Prime Meridian 
Definition
runs through Greenwich, England. the O degree longitude line. 
Term
Human-Environment Interaction
Definition
describes how people modify or alter the environment to fit individual or social needs. 
Term
Spatial Interaction/movement
Definition
how linked a place is to the outside world.
Term
Six Essential Elements in Geography 
Definition
The spatial world, Places and regions, physical systems, Human systems, Environment and Society, Uses of geography in today's society 
Term
Diffusion 
Definition
the movement of any characteristic. 
Term
Hearth 
Definition
the place where the characteristic began 
Term
Relocation Diffusion 
Definition
is the physical spread of cultures, ideas, and diseases through people. 
Term
Migration Diffusion 
Definition
the physical spread of cultures, ideas, and disease through their movement from one place to another. 
Term
Expansion Diffusion 
Definition
the spread of a characteristic from a central node or a hearth through various means. 
Term
Expansion diffusion 
Definition
the spread of a characteristic from a central node or a hearth through various means. 
Term
Hierarchical Diffusion 
Definition
the idea that a phenomenon spreads as result of a group, usually the social elite, spreading ideas or patterns in a society. 
Term
Contagious Diffusion 
Definition
usually associated with the spread of disease
Term
Stimulus Diffusion 
Definition
takes part of an idea and spreads that idea out to create an innovative product.
Term
Distribution 
Definition
Everything on the Earth's surface has a physical location and is organized in space in some fashion. 
Term
Density 
Definition
how often an object occurs within a given area or space
Term
Population Density 
Definition
how often people occur within a given area or space.
Term
Physiological Density 
Definition
the number of people divided by the arable land. 
Term
Arithmetic Density 
Definition
calculates the density using all the land in a given area. 
Term
Concentration 
Definition
refers to the proximity of a particular phenomenon over the area in which it is spread. 
Term
Clustered/Agglomerated
Definition
if objects are close together in the area of concentration 
Term
Dispersed or Scattered
Definition
if the objects are spread out 
Term
linear
Definition
if geometric shapes are used to describe how the phenomena are laid out in a straight line. 
Term
Centralized
Definition
if geometric shapes are used to describe how the phenomena are clustered.
Term
Random Distribution 
Definition
if geometric shapes are used to describe how the phenomena are laid out in a lack of a pattern.
Term
Demographic Transition Model 
Definition
describes human activities in the past and predicts human activities in the future. 
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