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| grants of land from lords to their dependents. this was part of manorialism, a circuitous system in which a fideles would work for the lord for protection and land, working into ever increasing debt. 750-1050 |
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750-1050. an oath of fidelity made by the vassal or fideles to not harm the lord, was a recognition of assistance owed by the tenant to his lord and protection owed by the lord to the tenant.
It consisted of the vassal surrendering himself to the lord, symbolized by his kneeling and giving his joined hands to the lord, who clasped them in his own, thus accepting the surrender. |
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| the sin of giving gifts or paying money to get an office in the catholic church. popularized 1050-1150 Europe and was attacked by Pope Gregory VII |
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| In medieval Italy, France, and Flanders, this became a sworn association of citizens who formed a legal corporate body, the commune appointed or elected officials, made laws, kept the peace, and administered justice. 1050-1150. This gave towsnpeople a sense of solidarity rather than answering to a far away ruler |
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| A league of northern Europpean cities formed in the fourteenth century to protect their mutual interests in trade and defense. |
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| ruled 1073-1085, responsible for the Gregorian reform, a fervent and sincere Papal ruler dedicated to reforming the church. Also responsible for the investiture conflict with King Henry IV. |
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| 1182-1226, founder of the most famous orthodox religious movement: the Franciscans. Son of a well-to-do Italian trader, Francis began questioning his faith and devoted his life to using only what was given to him. |
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| High Middle Ages. A mendicant must be a member of any Roman Catholic religious order who assumes a vow of poverty and supports themselves through charity. two types, Dominicans and Franciscans |
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| 1122, the agreement between the pope and emperor that ended the investiture conflict, agreed that the emperor would give up symbols of spiritual power, but still had power over who was elected (in Germany & Italy) as bishops. |
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| 1521, Germany, Luther appears before the Diet/Assembly of the Holy Roman Empire at Worms, Germany at which he responded to charges of heresy. |
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| @1063: the collective name for the wars waged by the Christian princes of Spain against the Muslim-ruled regions to their south. These wars were considered holy, akin to the crusades. |
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| founded in 1098 near Dijon, France. Roman Catholic order founded by a group of Benedictine monks who were dissatisfied with the relaxed observance of their previous abbey and wished to live under the strictest rule of St. Benedict. |
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| sixteenth century, principle of Lutheranism that means solely by faith; is. that God grants sinners forgiveness based solely on faith. |
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| sixteenth century, Lutheran principle that means "by the bible alone," ie. that one should follow the text of the bible in what to do rather than have clerics interpret it for you. |
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| Condemned by the Cluniacs in 1050-1150, this was the installation of clerics into their offices by lay people, normally rules or lords. |
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| 1389-1464: founder of one of the main lines of the Medici Family that ruled Florence Italy. He began to manage the papacy's finances and made other very diverse investments, became "veiled lordship" of Florence Italy |
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| During the counter reformation: this was a council made up of twelve elders who went over report order to elevate the saved and reign in the damned. Also had the power to ban people if found tot be guilty. |
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| 1304-1374: Founder of renaissance Humanism, very famous poet in Italy who looked to Roman writing to be a better writer, wrote a letter to Cicero introducing the idea of division of time. |
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| During European renaissance, the teaching of humanities, ie. poetry, rhetoric, grammar, history. it was a cultural and educational program based on the classics. |
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| During High Middle Ages, he called for the first crusade by calling for Christ's warriors to avenge Turkish atrocities against Christians and win back the holy land in return for salvation |
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| High Middle Ages, Southern France: Small minority religion of Christianity, raised protest against the corruption of the Roman clergy, involved in crusade |
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| 1454-1559: consisted of Spain, england, france, and hapsburg empire. they broke past traditions and claimed sovereignty , calimed to be the only ones who can make laws, but were exempt from them, tax without consent, no rivals to king, happened in response to royalization of warfare |
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| Founded by Ignacious Loyola in 1540, a religious following claiming to be the soldiers of God; all male. 3 goals: 1. educate and spiritually train youth, 2. propogate infidels and heathens (mostly in Asia) 3. fight for protestantism |
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