Term
|
Definition
| resulting from sever hypothyroidism. may result from failure of thyroid to descend during embryonic develoopment from origin at the base of tongue. "ectopic thyroid". characterized by poor feeding, sexual retardation, mental "", retardation of bone growth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from growth hormone deficiency. GH deficiency early onset of growth failure. GH deficiency due to hypo-function of Anterior Pituitary. |
|
|
Term
| Hormones responsible for Adrenal gland growth |
|
Definition
| ACTH, and Angiotensin II. |
|
|
Term
| Hormone responsible for thyroid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormone responsible for gonad growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many oncogenes are analogs of growth factors or growth factor receptors. Therefore, deranged hormone signalling pathway can cause cancer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates serum osmolality and water excretion. Mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) regulates serum sodium and potassium and to some exten chloride and bicarbonate ion concentration and balance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atria Neuretic Peptide. Released in response to the stretching of the atrial walls of the heart by increased blood volume. exrcete salt into glomeruli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls growth and mineralization of matrix andmineral phase of bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cytokine that plays a major role in bone remodeling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| promote accrual of bone matrix and prevent the development of osteoporosis while glucocorticoids and thyroid hormone have opposite effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates the development of male sexual characteristics like muscle, penile, prostate growth and deepening of voice and lbido |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulate menstrual cycle and ovulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secreted from adipose tissue, promotes maturation of reproductive tract andmay trigger onset of puberty. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in humans. decreases myometrial sensitivity to oxytocin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces number of hormones, chorionic somatomammotropin, placental lactogen |
|
|
Term
| Glucocorticoids on immune system |
|
Definition
| they blunt immonologic and inflammatory responses |
|
|
Term
| Sex steroids on immune system |
|
Definition
| suppress the immune response, therefore castration results in enlargement oflymph nodes and spleen. severe graft-versus-host disease. |
|
|
Term
| Estrogens effect on immune system |
|
Definition
| stimulate antibody production, and females tend to have higher levels of major Ig classes in both basal and stimulated conditions. |
|
|
Term
| Pregnancy on immune system |
|
Definition
| can ameliorate autoimmune diseases through unknown mechanisms. suppresses cellular but not humoral immune response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychosis results from this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can cause hypoglycemia and result in a coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can cause depressed mental status and result in a coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suppress excessive inflammatory and immunolgic responses, but can cause osteoporosis, physical disfigurement, hypertension, gastric ulcers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduce bone loss, but can increase the risk of breast cance and uterine cancer. |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of disorders of endocrine |
|
Definition
| excess, deficiency, resistance to hormones |
|
|
Term
| Types of endocrine hypofunction |
|
Definition
| destruction of gland, extraglandular disorders, defects in hormone biosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from autoimmune destruction, or tumor, ischemia, infection, hemorrhage, neoplasms. diabetes mellitus type I, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, gonadal failure, polyglandular failure syndrome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| due to damage to tissues that produce hormones or convert hormone precursors to active forms. |
|
|
Term
| Problems with glucocorticoid therapy |
|
Definition
| Extraglandular disorder when glucocorticoid therapy reduces insulin sensitivity and can precipitate diabetes mellitus or aggravate existing diabetes. |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid hormone extraglandular disorders |
|
Definition
| TH increases cortisol metabolism, and treatment of hypothyroidism w/ TH can lead to latent adrenal insufficiency. |
|
|
Term
| Hypothyroidism treatment with anticonvulsant phenytoin |
|
Definition
| this treatment can accelerate the degradation of glucocorticoids and increase the need for the these hormones. |
|
|
Term
| Defects in Hormone Synthesis |
|
Definition
| can lead to decreased hormone production or lead to production of defective hormones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| due to tumors, hyperplasia, or autoimmune stimulation. endocrine gland tumors can produce excess hormone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corisol excess due to pituitary ACTH-producign tumors or syndrom of hyperthyroidism due to pituitary TSH-producing tumors. |
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune induced hyperfunction |
|
Definition
| autoimmune stimulation can result in hyperfunctino of glands like hyperthyroidism. Antibodies are produced that bind to and activate the TSH receptor on the gland. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receptor defects, defect of post-receptor loci, such as receptor association with co-regulatory proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is characterized by excessive insulin resistance with overlap into type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia with increased triglycerides and cholesterol, and hypertension. |
|
|
Term
| Nonendocrine problems associated with endocrine disease |
|
Definition
| pituitary tumors can cause increased intracranial pressure or neurologic or ocular problems when they extend outside the sella turcica. Thyroid tumors or large goiters can cause local problems in the neck |
|
|
