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| organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen |
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| compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and hence diff. properties. |
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| differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. May also differ in teh location of the double bonds. |
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| have the same covalent partnerships, but they differ in their spatial arrangements. (differ in arrangement about a double bond) |
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| Molecules that are mirror images of each other. (differ in spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon, results in mirror images, like left and right hands. Enantiomers cannot be superimposed on each other |
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| a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of the organic molecule. Organic compounds contatining hydroxyl are called ALCOHOLS..end in -ol...-OH or HO- [hydroxyl is POLAR] |
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| (>CO) consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond. If is is ont he END of a carbon skeleton, the organic coumpound is an ALDEHYDE; otherwise the compound is a KETONE. |
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| (-COOH) Oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group. These compounds are CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, or organic acids. |
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| (-NH2) Consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton. These organic compounds are AMINES. The amino group acts as a BASE. |
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| (-SH) Consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen, resembles a hydroxyl group in shape. THese organic compounds are called THIOLS. |
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| (-OPO3 ^2-) Consists of a phosphate ion covalently attached by one of its oxygen atoms to the carbon skeleton. One of its function is to transfer energy between organic molecules. |
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