Term
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Definition
| A model stimulus is presented in an effort to evoke the imitative behavior. The IB follows immediately. The model & behavior must have formal simularity. The model must serve as a controlling variable for the imitative behavior. |
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Definition
| the antecedent stimuls changes gradually, while the response stays essentially the same |
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Definition
| Differential reinforcement of other behavior: deliver reinforcer whenever the problem behavior hasn't occured for a specific time. = reinforcement for not responding |
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Term
| Fixed-interval DRO (FI-DRO) |
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Definition
| Omission requirement is applied at the end of successive timeintervals of equal duration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differential reinforcement of low rates - use to decrease the frequency of the occurance of a behavior, but not eliminate it all together |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcement is delivered at the end of a session if during the entire session, the target behavior occured equal to or fewer times than a predetermined criterion |
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Term
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Definition
1. Divide the total session into a series of equal intervals of time.
2. Provide reinforcement at end of each interval in which # of occurances is equal to or below predetermined criterion |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Deliver reinforcer following an occurance of a behavior that's separated by at least a min amount of time from a previous behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Variable-Interval DRO: Omission requirement is applied @ end of succesive time intervals of variable & unpredictable durations |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior change tactics based on contingency-independent antecedent events & serve to have abolishing operations that decrease the effectiveness of reinforcers that maintain problem behavior. Most commonly serve as a component of trx package. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fixed-time schedule: the interval of time for the presentation of these stimuli (w/ known reinforcing properties) remains the same from delivery to delivery. used w/ most applications of NCR |
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Term
| High-probability (high-p) Request Sequence |
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Definition
Delivery of involves:
1. Presentation of a series of easy-to-follow requests for which the individual has a history of compliance (i.e. high-p requests).
2. When individual complies with several high-p requests, provide individual w/ target request (i.e. low-p). |
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Term
| Functional Communication Training |
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Definition
| (FCT) establishes an appropiate communication behavior to compete w/ problem behaviors evoked by an EO. Develops alternative behaviors that are sensative to EO's. Very effective for problem behavior maintained by social attention. |
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Term
| Noncontingent Reinforcement |
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Definition
| (NCR)an antecedent intervention/stimuli w/ known reinforcing properties are delivered on a FT or VT schedule independent of the learner's behavior. Functions as AO |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which one systematically & differentially reinforces successive approximations to a terminal behavior. Used to help learners aquire new behaviors. |
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Definition
| the end product of shaping - when the topography, frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude.magnitude of the target behavior reaches a predetermined criterion level. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement |
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Definition
| Reinforcement is provided for responses that share a predetermined dimension or quality, & in which reinforcement is w/held for responses that don't demo that quality. |
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Term
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Definition
| The emergence of of a new response calss composed primarily of responses sharing the characteristics of the previously reinforced subclass. |
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Term
| Successive Approximations |
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Definition
| the gradually changing criterion for reinforcement to responses that are a closer approximation of the terminal behavior during shaping results in a succession of new response classes. |
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Term
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Definition
A science-based system for shaping behavior using (+) reinforcement. Focus is on building behaviors.
Clickeris handheld device that produces click sound when metal tab is pressed. Reinforcement (praise/treats) is paired w/ clicker sound so that sound becomes conditioned reinforcer. |
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Term
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Definition
Training begins the link w/ last behavior in sequence.
Trainer performs all but last step until learner masters last step.
Then trainer performs all but last 2 steps until learner masters last 2 steps, & so on... |
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Term
| Backward Chaining w/ Leap Aheads |
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Definition
Follows same prodecures as backward chaining, but not every step in the task analysis is trained.
Other steps are probed.
If some steps are in learner's repertoire, they aren't taught.
The learner is still required to perform these steps, however. |
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Term
| Behavior Chain Interruption Strategy |
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Definition
(BCIS) Chain is interrupted @ predetermined step so that another can be emitted.
Interruption may cause some distress b/c access to reinforcement is momentarily blocked.
However, this is somewhat desirable b/c it creates motivation to learn the new behavior in the chain. |
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Term
| Behavior Chain w/ Limited Hold |
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Definition
| a sequence of behaviors that must be performed correctly & w/in a specified time to produce reinforcement. Emphasizes both accuracy & proficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
A specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated w/ a particular stimulus condition.
When components are linked together, they form a chain that produces a terminal outcome. |
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Term
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Definition
Training begins the link w/ 1st behavior in sequence.
Training only occurs on the steps previously mastered & current step (no training on step after that) |
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Term
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Definition
Breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units.
The product of task analysis is a series of sequentially ordered steps. |
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Term
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Definition
Training is provided for every behavior in the sequence during every training session.
Trainer assistance (prompting) is provided on every step. |
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