Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Intro Sociology Test 1
LSU SOCL 2001- Gremillion
49
Sociology
Undergraduate 3
02/09/2010

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sociological Imagination
Definition
The ability to connect one's personal experiences to society at large and greater historical forces.
Term
Social Identity
Definition
How individuals define themselves in relation to groups they are a part of (or in relationship to groups they choose not to be a part of.)
Term
Social institution
Definition
A group of social positions, connected by social relations, that porform a social role.
Term
Positivism
Definition
he belief that there is only one true knowledge about a given thing. There is only one right way.
Term
Social physics
Definition
Implies that the rules of society are hard-lined like those of the non-social sciences.
Term
Verstehen
Definition
German, means to interpret and understand the social world through experience.
Term
Interpretive sociology
Definition
Variant of sociology that emphasizes the understanding of subjective meaning.
Term
Auguste Comte
Definition
19th Century French Philosopher, considered a founder of Sociology
Positivism
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
19th century German philosopher and social critic. Historical materialism.
Term
Max Weber
Definition
The first to appreciate the importance of subjectivity. Interpretive sociology, Verstehen
Term
Emile Durkheim
Definition
Interested in social integration and the way that human society held together. Positivistic sociology, Anomie(suicide), one of the first to compute statistics.
Term
Microsociology
Definition
- Understands local interactional contexts and small scale social functions.
Term
Macrosociology
Definition
- looks at social dynamics across whole societies or large parts of them and often relies on statistical analysis to do so.
Term
Functionalism
Definition
the theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important (or necessary) function keep society running.
Term
Reflection theory
Definition
the idea that culture is a reflection of social structure that the underlying reality of society is projected through.
Term
Generalized other
Definition
The things that we expect from another person whether we know them or not.This is based on norms.
Term
Ideology
Definition
System of concepts and relationships, an understanding of cause and effect.
Term
Values
Definition
Moral beliefs
Term
Norms
Definition
How values tell us to act.
Term
Socialization
Definition
The process in which individuals internalize values beliefs and norms.
Term
Subculture
Definition
A social group that exists within one culture, but has traits that separate it from it's parent culture.
Term
Conflict Theory
Definition
the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general.
Term
Symbolic Interactionism
Definition
a micro-level theory in which shared meanings orientations and assumptions form the basic motivation behind people's actions.
Term
Postmodernism
Definition
A condition characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and history, the replacement of narrative within pastiche and multiple, perhaps even conflicting, identities resulting from disjointed affiliations.

More simply the thought that shared meanings have eroded.
Term
Culture
Definition
a set of beliefs, traditions, and practices that result from where we live, who we hang out with, our upbringing, etc.; the sum total of social categories and concepts we embrace.
Term
Nonmaterial culture
Definition
The values, beliefs and social norms we have.
Term
material culture
Definition
everything that is part of our constructed environment.
Term
Cultural Relativism
Definition
Taking into account the differences across cultures without passing judgement or assigning value. Essentially an abstracted version of Verstehen.
Term
Status
Definition
a recognizable social position that an individual occupies.
Term
Role
Definition
the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status.
Term
Role Strain
Definition
The incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single statue.
Term
Role Conflict
Definition
the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses.
Term
Status Set
Definition
All the Statuses that an individual holds simultaneously.
Term
Ascribed Status
Definition
A status into which someone is born. Ex. Age, Race, Gender.
Term
Achieved Status
Definition
A status into which one enters. Ex. a job, an athlete, a drug dealer, a couch potato, etc.
Term
Master Status
Definition
One status within a set that stands out or overrides all the others. The most important status. Ex. Being the President, a movie star, a famous musician, etc.
Term
Dramaturgical Theory
Definition
the metaphorical view of life as a performance which includes all our roles, scripts, costumes, and sets.
Term
Ethnomethodology
Definition
The way that we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a mutually shared social order.
Term
Social deviance
Definition
Any breaking of a social norm.
Term
Collective conscience
Definition
the common faith or set of social norms by which a society and its members abide. A set of common assumptions about how the world works.
Term
Rehabilitative sanction
Definition
a form of punishment designed to transform the offender into a productive member of society.
Term
Restitutive Sanction
Definition
A form of punishment which attempts to restore the status quo which existed before the offence.
Term
Social Control
Definition
The mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals.
Term
Strain theory
Definition
Deviance occurs when a society does not give all of its members the equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals.
Term
Ritualist
Definition
An individual who rejects socially defined goals in order to live within his or her own means.
Term
Innovator
Definition
Social deviant who accepts socially acceptable goals but rejects the socially acceptable means of achieving them.
Term
Retreatist
Definition
One who rejects means and goals and removes themselves from society.
Term
Rebel
Definition
One who rejects the goals and means but wants to change or destroy the social institutions that made them.
Term
Broken Windows Theory
Definition
Theory explaining how social cues of disorder impact whether individuals act deviantly. Do the local norms allow deviance or discourage them?
Supporting users have an ad free experience!