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| male centered norms operating throughout all social institutions that become a standard to which all persons adhere |
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| a category or position a person occupies that is a significant determinant of how she or he will be defined and treated |
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| the status we occupy simultaneously. i.e. : mother,daughter, attorney, patient, employee, and passenger. |
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| all societies categorize members by status then rank rank the statuses in some fashion creating this system |
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| The expected behavior associated with a status |
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| Norms determine how roles are performed. shared rules that guide peoples behavior in specific situations. Determine the privileges and responsibilities a status posses. |
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| male dominated social structures leading to the oppression of women. |
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| normlessness. experienced when traditional norms have changed, but new ones have yet to develop. |
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| oversimplified conceptions that people who occupy the same status group share certain traits ion common. |
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| the belief that the status of a female is inferior to the status of a male. |
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| the belief that the status of a female is inferior to the status of a male. |
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| refers to the biological characteristics distinguishing male and female. X/Y chromosomes. Makes us male or female |
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| refers to those social, cultural, and psychological traits linked to males and females. Makes us masculine or feminine. |
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| the preference of sexual partners of one gender(sex) or the other. |
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| expected attitudes and behaviors a society associates with each sex. |
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| done through personal efforts |
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| being born into them or attaining involuntarily |
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| change in tradition. i.e. a women who is use to working as a stay at home mom going into labor force. conflict between work and motherly role. |
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| based on the idea that society is made of interdependent parts, that all contribute to the society as a whole. roles are played to create balance and they all combine together to make something complete. |
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equilibrium maintained through assigning different tasks to men and women.
* men hunt and help family survive
*women play domestic roles |
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disruption is minimized and harmony maximized. spouses have non overlapping roles. Father:instrumental role.(physical integrity of family)
Mother: expressive role. (cements relationships and structure.) |
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| exercises the power that one social class holds over another. wealthy vs. poor. presented through exercise of power |
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| marrying within the same social class |
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| people continually modify their behavior as a result of interaction itself. |
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| worldwide movement to end sexism and sexist oppression by empowering women. |
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most moderate branch.
all people are equal and should not be denied opportunity based on gender. |
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| if women ruled the world there would be no war. celebrates women's unique characteristics. |
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| anti capitalist. capitalism needs to be done with and socialism adopted. husband has economic power over wife. |
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| women must separate from men and rely on themselves. must form their own institutions because society's cannot be transformed. |
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| specific cultural elements and historical conditions that serve to maintain women's oppression. |
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| movement of people working for change across national boundaries. |
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| the planet can be healed and ecological harmony restored through political action and emphasizing the principal of equality of all species. |
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| not belonging to either female or male in order to belong to society as a whole |
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| men and women are naturally suited to fit certain roles due to biology and genes. womens biological and reproductive make up refrains them from being equal to men. |
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| heredity, biology, and genes. natural. boys naturally enjoy trucks and girls naturally enjoy dolls. |
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| the enviorment or culture in which we live and learn |
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| anthropologist. did study in New guinea and stayed with three different tribes. the Arapesh, Muhdugumor, and Tchumbuli. concluded masculinity and femaninity are culturally determined |
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gentle peaceful loving tribe. eagerly shared tasks between men and women. willing to help young.
could not be distinguished by gender. |
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| barley tolerated children. harsh and hostile. success measured by aggression. could not distinguish by gender |
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| reversal of gender roles. men did womens part ie dance and do art while women got food. |
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| rooted in nature. humans are not structured by nature with an innate drive to ensure that their individual genes are passed on to the next generation |
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| the biological basis for sex differences stems from research on prenatal hormones and brain development |
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| help determine how our bodies including our brain become sexually differentiated |
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| mixed female and male organs |
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| genetic males or females who believe they are the opposite sex |
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| men may express themselves sexually but women cannot |
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| Women and men die form these 3 causes |
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| cancer, heart disease and stroke |
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| a life long process through social interaction that we learn our culture through and develop a sense of self and become. Generation to generation cultures are passes |
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| begins in the family and allows the child to acquire necessary skills to fit into society. |
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| provides the basis for valued roles an individual will fuffil throughout their lifetime |
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| the process by which individuals learn the cultural behavior of femaninity or masculinity |
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| cultures organized through social institutions |
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| ensure the basic needs of society are met in established predictable ways |
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| share same characteristics with the culture in which they exist but are also distinguished from the broader culture. |
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| ensures that people are more or less conformed to a vast array of social norms |
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| helps foster masculinity and is a source of prestige for girls |
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| focuses on observable behavior. based on rewards and punishments. |
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| Cognitive development theory |
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| how children gradually develop intelligence and reasoning. sense of self. children's behaviors are organized around their gender developing |
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| cognitive structures used to understand the world, interpert perception, and process new information. effects own behavior and self esteem. also effects the way parents will treat children |
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| males and females are opposite beings |
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| biology produces natural inevitable gender roles |
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| used to connection between gender and selection of sports roles models |
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| family, peers, school, TV. |
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| the family is the primary |
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| we can use he when we mean she |
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| to avoid sexism. i.e. they |
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Titles and occupations like Mr. Fire men
children do not know to call a female fireman a |
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| used for a women to not share marrital status |
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| used for a women to not share marrital status |
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| English is _______ to women |
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| indicate a variety if languages defined according to its use in a social situation. |
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| chronicles the lives of exceptional even deviant women and does not provide info on impact to society in general |
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| documenting women's contributions to specific social movements |
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| Religon is to gender is to values is o norms is to |
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| institutions and structures |
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| split between catholic and protastant/ believed in chivalry. and that women bared the burden of child birth because of eve |
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| Missionary view of native american women and why |
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| beasts of burden, slaves, squaw because of the gender role balance. women are valued highly |
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| families consolidate around womens family. man goes to womens house once married |
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| family tree is traced through mothers |
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Colonial women facts
left for _______________ |
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| Rigid in living out ____________ |
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| Rigid Hierarchy that goes in this order 1. god 2. 3. 4. |
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| mans submission to god means _______ submission to man and childrens submission to ______________ |
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| womens, and all of the above. |
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no rights when leaving house
your sugnature means nothing
when a husband divorces you ( u cannot divorce him) the children are his |
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| womens movement was used to get rid of being _______ dead |
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Victorian and fronteir women
Middle class vs_____ |
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| the middle class enjoyed being viewed as this but the fronteir hated it |
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| fronteir women struggled with ________ |
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Fronteir women worked side by side with who
** pocket of equality |
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| idea that a woman should be submissive pure, a virgin, domestic, and groomed |
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| war served as what to open the workforce for women |
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| BABY BOOMERS occured after |
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| women went back where after war |
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sexuality and victorian values
double standard
women are crazy if sexual |
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| 1911 shirt waste company fire |
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women locked in factories and couldn' t get out
led to first labor union and fight for better conditions |
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| rigid expectations of the male involving social psychological and cultural consequences |
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| spiritual, epic, chivraly , rennisance, and Bourgeois |
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| dole argues what about patriarchy |
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| it is born out of masculinitites and these still exist |
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| classical societies, male gods, strengths, warriors, knights |
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| Spiritual (connection with god) |
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| greek gods, designated leader connected to god |
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| Chivraly (saving the lady) |
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sacrafice courage, honor, and service to the lady. Knight showing up to rescue princess.
ie pretty women |
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intellect, men are smart, intelligent, and rational.
we think men when we think how the world was created |
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| capitalist, buisness man, gain status through wealth and financial know how |
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| supreme guidline for defining masculinity |
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| sports are looked at as for |
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| corrosive vs consentual power |
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| power by force vs power through word |
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Sucess
nothing femanine
homophobia
heteroism |
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| toughness (THE STURDY OAK) ie the CEO |
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| strong confident, decisive, leadership |
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| Aggresion Norm (give em hell) |
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| greet by hitting, boys will be boys, explorers |
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| Sexual prowness norm (MACHO MAN) |
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| TEnderness masculinity (sensative guy) |
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| men will express their emotions, real men are good fathers |
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| National organization of men against sexism NOMAS |
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| ran by men , for men and women. fight against sexual rape and assault. domestic violence |
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emotional healing
robert Biy ( 1990)
rigid masculinity hurts men so then need healing
took men into woods to breakdown |
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| african american and minority men |
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whenever looking at gender we have to look at race
minority men at a position of women.
RESIST EUROCENTRISM AND RACISM |
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evangelic christian men
promise to take back male responsibility in the family
re establish the provider
aimed towards alchoholics and drug addicts, dads who abandoned children |
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