Term
|
Definition
resistance to contact (GESTALT)
- uncritically accept others’ belief and standards without thinking whether they are congruent with who we are
-Children do this automatically with much of what their parents tell them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
resistance to contact (GESTALT)
-The feelings and wishes of a significant other easily overwhelm the confluent person, who responds as if they were his own feelings and desires. Often becomes extremely anxious when separation occurs or is threatened.
-when a person can't tell "...where I end and you begin" due to an inability to distinguish the interpersonal boundary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
resistance to contact (GESTALT)
-turning back to ourselves what we would like to do to someone else
-biting one's lip instead of saying something biting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
resistance to contact (GESTALT)
- A way of avoiding contact and awareness by being vague or indirect ~ ignoring something that acknowledging would involve pain (i.e. painful memories)
-examples of deflection include:
Changing the subject repeatedly when a particular issue is raised
Appearing not to hear or see something
Misunderstanding or redefining what has been said or done
Overuse of humor |
|
|
Term
| Why do psychological problems occur according to Gestalt therapy? |
|
Definition
Lack of Awareness (understanding of relationship of figure and ground)
Having too much focus on past or future |
|
|
Term
| What are the important therapeutic goals of Gestalt therapy? |
|
Definition
Awareness (re-owning) to current processes that are most important - identify with all vital functions of individual
Contact - being in touch with inner and outer world while maintaining own identity
Greater Choice - responsibility |
|
|
Term
| How does the Gestalt therapist’s role/function relate to accomplishing the goals of Gestalt Therapy? |
|
Definition
Create an atmosphere that promotes
exploration
Give feedback – immediacy skills
Observer of the environment
Still striving for a person-to-person
relationship |
|
|
Term
| the rationale underlying the techniques of Gestalt therapy |
|
Definition
Whole is more than the sum of the parts
integrate the pieces into a whole
Focus on being what you are, not on "becoming" |
|
|
Term
| What is the main purpose of most of the experiments created in the Gestalt process? |
|
Definition
Return focus to here-and-now ~ Bring struggles to life
Increase awareness
Integration of parts |
|
|
Term
| the internal dialogue experiment |
|
Definition
Gestalt Therapy Technique
Having a conversation with themselves or with perceived others
-Top dog (critical parent) and underdog (victim)
-Empty-chair (two sides of themselves)
-Example |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gestalt Therapy Technique
-Put words to things AND/OR the use of Exaggerating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gestalt Therapy Technique
-Depth of detail in specific
-What do you feel like right now? Where? What's it like?
-Example |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gestalt Therapy Technique
-exploring an emotional response in depth (how is it affecting you physically? how does it feel? etc.)
-Example? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gestalt Therapy Technique
-act opposite of normal
-say out loud what you say in your head
-act the opposite of your symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gestalt Therapy Technique
-role playing a planned for new behavior with a person or people in for new behavior with a person or people in client’s environment client’s environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
configuration
our entire field of awareness = figure/ground configuration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| undifferentiated field or ground |
|
|
Term
| What are the major principles behind classical conditioning? |
|
Definition
Associative learning
US
UR
CS
CR |
|
|
Term
| What are the major principles behind operant conditioning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major principles behind social learning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the goals of behavior therapy? |
|
Definition
substitute in a good behavior
Unlearn a bad behavior |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement? |
|
Definition
Positive reinforcement - "Reward" good behaviors (i.e. give them a dollar when they do the dishes)
Negative Reinforcement - Removal of a negative stimulus (i.e. stop twisting their arm when they cry "uncle") |
|
|
Term
| What is the main logic behind systematic desensitization? |
|
Definition
| Habituation leads to desensitization (i.e. if they are allowed to gradually be exposed to a stimulus and nothing bad happens, they'll get used to it) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Real-life desensitization/exposure therapy |
|
|
Term
| flooding (therapy technique) |
|
Definition
| to demonstrate the irrationality of the fear a psychologist would put a person in a situation where they would face their phobia at its worst. |
|
|
Term
| name and describe the main operant techniques used |
|
Definition
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Punishment
Negative Punishment |
|
|
Term
| Functional assessment (Behavioral) |
|
Definition
What function does the behavior serve?
Identify the A.B.C.
Implement Functional Treatments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acting or showing an example of acting as you want the client to act
the client learns by imitation |
|
|
Term
| What are the assumptions of REBT pertaining to human nature? |
|
Definition
Humans can be rational, but tend not to be
Humans are suggestible, easily influenced
Children more vulnerable than adults |
|
|
Term
| From the REBT perspective, why and how do people develop emotional disturbances? |
|
Definition
| Cognitive Distortions ~ incorrect/wrong beliefs and perceptions they have learned |
|
|
Term
| What are the differences between Ellis’s REBT and Beck’s Cognitive Therapy approaches to cognitive-behavioral therapy? |
|
Definition
REBT: Dysfunctional beliefs are WRONG
CT: Dysfunctional beliefs are problematic
REBT: Highly directive, persuasive, confrontational
CT: Client self-direction, self-discovery through reflective questioning, collaborative empiricism, therapist is teacher/guide to empirical methods, client-centered |
|
|
Term
| arbitrary inference (Behavioral) |
|
Definition
draw conclusions with no evidence
"If people knew what was going on in my head, no one would like me" |
|
|
Term
| selective abstraction (Behavioral) |
|
Definition
| selectively attending to negative cues, neglecting the positive/neutral ones |
|
|
Term
| overgeneralization (Behavioral) |
|
Definition
Taking a localized or specific negative event and applying it globally
Example: “Because I did poorly on my first test, I would never make a good ______.” |
|
|
Term
| magnification/minimization (Behavioral) |
|
Definition
| over/underemphasizing importance or magnitude of an event |
|
|
Term
| personalization (Behavioral) |
|
Definition
| Seeing external events as being caused by you w/out evidence that you had anything to do with them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allowing mistakes/negative events to define you
Example: I forgot his birthday. I am a bad friend. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Black and White thinking
All or nothing
No Grey Area |
|
|
Term
| How do 2nd wave CBT approaches differ from 3rd wave / mindfulness-based approaches to CBT? |
|
Definition
3rd wave adds mindfulness and acceptance to CBT
3rd wave adds:
- Just noting (not judging) private events
- self-as-context
- Mindfulness skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thoughts those that appear without apparent cause; "instinctive" or immediate thoughts; often from stereotypes/biases/etc
may become such a habit that you no longer notice them (like driving a stick-shift car). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Incorrect types of beliefs/perceptions
Arbitrary Inference
Selective Abstraction
Overgeneralization
Magnification/Minimization
Personalization
Labeling/Mislabeling
Polarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an organization and collection of perceptions
Vaguely analogous to a stereotype in that it includes a collection of beliefs about how we think something behaves
Example: If someone wears bad clothes and is poor, the schema you use might suggest they are also smelly |
|
|
Term
| According to reality therapy, all human behavior is geared toward fulfilling five basic needs. Be able to name and identify each of these needs. |
|
Definition
Belonging
Power
Freedom (existential definition)
Fun
Survival |
|
|
Term
| What are the key concepts that define reality therapy? |
|
Definition
Needs manifest through wants
"Total Behavior" - everything
Choice Theory - We have choices, those bring responsibility |
|
|
Term
| How does reality therapy view behavior? |
|
Definition
See: Choice Theory
We generate behavior as individuals
We have choices
We have to take responsibility |
|
|
Term
| To what does reality therapy attribute the root of psychological problems? |
|
Definition
Unfulfilled basic needs
Continuation of short-term strategies (that aren't getting us what we need) |
|
|
Term
| What does WDEP stand for? Be able to name and identify each component of this system. |
|
Definition
Reality Theory
W - Wants
D - Direction/Doing (Where are you heading? Recent successes? What have you tried?)
E - Evaluation - Is this working? Is what you do helping? Why or why not?
P - Planning - Good plans are SAMIC |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a good plan? (Reality Theraphy) |
|
Definition
Good plans are SAMIC (Reality Therapy)
Simple
Attainable
Measurable
Immediate
Controllable (success depends on YOUR actions, not the actions of others) |
|
|
Term
| According to Erin Currie’s lecture, what are some reasons why Feminist Therapy developed? |
|
Definition
Dissatisfaction with traditional Theories:
-Disempowering
-Lack of acknowledgment of social inequalities
-Based in gender inequality (Male = norm, Female = deficient, females that act like males = pathological) |
|
|
Term
| Be familiar with “the Man box” and “the Woman box” and their implications for human development and functioning. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the root of maladjustment according to feminist therapy? |
|
Definition
Disempowerment creates distress
ID, role, rules for behavior, differences in amount of power can all disempower |
|
|
Term
| In feminist therapy, what is the therapeutic relationship is based on? |
|
Definition
Egalitarian
Role-modeling
Transparency
Self-Disclosure (help normalize the client's experience and provide hope things will be better) |
|
|
Term
| In Feminist Therapy, what are some examples of how therapists may work to equalize the power differential in the therapeutic relationship? |
|
Definition
Transparency
Self-Disclosure
Collaborate |
|
|
Term
| What is Postmodern theory’s understanding of reality? |
|
Definition
| Constructivist, phenomenological, individal-in-context |
|
|
Term
| What are Narrative therapists’ ideas about stories and their use in therapy? |
|
Definition
Stories are situated within a broad social context
Clients' lives are multiple stories happening at same time
Dominant vs. Alternative Stories |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of what Wittgenstein explained as “The problem of ‘is’?” |
|
Definition
Sinner vs. Sin
See problems as separate from individual ("I struggle with depression" not "I am depressed") |
|
|
Term
| How do problems develop within the framework of narrative therapy? |
|
Definition
Social Construction
Problem of "sinner vs. sin" ~ equating themselves as being the problem which is why things keep not working
thin conclusions support problem-saturated stories |
|
|
Term
| Understand and be able to describe the 5 stages of group development according to Tuckerman (1965). |
|
Definition
– Forming
– Storming
– Norming
– Performing
– Adjourning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Group Therapy
feeling of having problems similar to others, not alone
One of "Yalom's Therapeutic Factors" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Group Therapy
finding out about themselves & others from the group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Therapists can do more harm than good if they have little or no understanding about what is helping the client
Sometimes atheoretical; trial-and-error approach; “technician” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
“No one theoretical viewpoint can provide all of the answers for the clients we see today”
Necessity for flexibility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- One personality theory
- Therapeutic techniques drawn from more
than one theory
- Example: Multimodal Therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Technical Eclectisism
Behavior
Affect
Sensation
Imagery
Cognition
Interpersonal relationships
Drugs (or biological functioning) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Concepts of personality and techniques of psychotherapy from two or more theories are combined
Example: Wachtel’s cyclical psychodynamics |
|
|
Term
The Common Factors Approach
(the four factors?) |
|
Definition
Four broad areas:
1. Technique factors
2. Expectancy effects
3. Extratherapeutic change factors
4. Common factors (aka Therapeutic relationship factors)
“Common Factors”
Nonspecific variables common to all theories
Important in accounting for therapeutic outcomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
COMMON FACTORS
Effects in outcome that are particular to each kind of therapy.
Techniques (e.g., exposure in behavior therapy)
Model (e.g., the conceptualization of client in terms unique to a particular theory might lead to special insights for the therapist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
COMMON FACTORS
placebo and client hope
The fact that being treated at all, and believing that treatment will help, has a curative effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
COMMON FACTORS
Stuff that is independent of therapy
Severity of Disturbance
*Motivation for Therapy
Social Skills
“Ego Strength”
“Psychological Mindedness”
Miscellaneous Life Events
Client’s Personality |
|
|
Term
| Common/Therapeutic Relationship Factors |
|
Definition
COMMON FACTORS
things that foster a strong, trusting
bond between client and therapist
Accurate empathy
Positive regard
Warmth
“Congruence” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination (or Recycling) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No intention to change behavior in the
foreseeable future
Reason for coming to therapy often due
to pressure from others or mandated
Ask if individual is seriously intending to
change the problem/behavior within the
next 6 months.
Wishing is different from intending or
seriously considering.
Therapist role: nurturing parent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aware, seriously thinking about overcoming but not yet made commitment to action
Seriously considering changing within
the next 6 months
Example: New Year’s resolutions
Therapist role: Socratic teacher (like in CT) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intending to take action in the next
month, unsuccessfully taken action in
the past year
Small behavioral changes: “Baby steps”
Score high on both contemplation and action scales of measure
Therapist role: experienced coach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Overt modification of behavior, experiences, and environment
Successfully altered the behavior for a period of 1 day to 6 months
High on action scale, lower on others
Therapist role in Action/Maintenance:
consultant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Preventing relapse, consolidate gains
of Action Stage
Free of the problem behavior,
consistently engaging in new behavior
for more than 6 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Completed change process
Total confidence or self-efficacy
across all high risk situations
Zero temptation to relapse
If there is relapse: Recycle through
stages |
|
|
Term
| Does counseling have to move people all the way through the stages of change to be considered “successful?” Why/why not? |
|
Definition
| No. Even moving just one stage further significantly increases the chances of a positive change. Doing more than one level, even more-so. Even just getting from Pre-Contemplative to Contemplative. |
|
|
Term
| The Assumptions of Motivational Interviewing |
|
Definition
Clients come to therapy because they are conflicted in their motivations
It’s the client’s responsibility to decide for
themselves whether or not to change and how to best go about it |
|
|
Term
| Motivational Interviewing |
|
Definition
“a client-centered, directive method for
enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence” |
|
|
Term
| General Principles of Motivational Interviewing |
|
Definition
1. Expression of empathy
2. Development of discrepancy
3. Rolling with resistance
4. Support for self-efficacy |
|
|
Term
| is the goal of Crisis Counseling and how does this differ from longer term counseling? |
|
Definition
restore individual to previous
level of functioning; coping
Differs: Is about returning to an early state rather than fixing persistent maladaptive thoughts/feelings/behaviors |
|
|
Term
| What does the research find for the efficacy of the Critical Incident Stress Debriefing model of crisis counseling? |
|
Definition
no statistically significant improvement over natural recovery
May even be harmful |
|
|
Term
| Main Driving Forces of Empirically-Supported Treatments |
|
Definition
Managed Health Care (MHC)
Paid little attention to treatment effectiveness
Psychotherapy approaches were viewed as homogeneous and psychotherapists as
interchangeable
Courts and legislative bodies
Standards for assessing treatment effectiveness:
Principle of community standard
Doctrine of respectable minority
The Medical Model
Preference of psychopharmacology over
psychotherapy |
|
|
Term
| Principle of community standard |
|
Definition
Court Standard
If it is accepted by a community, it's valid |
|
|
Term
| Doctrine of respectable minority |
|
Definition
Court Standard
As long as SOME respectable professionals use it, it's valid |
|
|
Term
| Criticisms of ESTs (Empirically Supported Treatments) |
|
Definition
Too simplistic
Symptom focus: singular diagnosis; less severe samples
Maximally differentiable treatments not reflective of best treatments
Outcomes: arbitrary; clinical significance?
Inflexibility and slowing of innovation
Insurance
Overemphasis on techniques and “cookbook approach”: Common Factors
research
“Dodo bird effect”
Only 15% of treatment outcomes due to specific techniques
Therapeutic relationship effects
Therapist effects
ESTs go against much of the tradition in counseling psychology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Everybody wins!
Most of what determines success of therapy is independent of the type of therapy - just being in therapy and motivated can be enough - only 15% of outcome effect based on type of therapy |
|
|
Term
| Idiographic Considerations |
|
Definition
balances group level information (e.g., cultural group) with individual differences within the group
• Examples of relevant individual difference/cultural variables:
– Acculturation / immigration status
– Identity developmental status / stage |
|
|
Term
| the stages in the Cass identity development model |
|
Definition
1. Identity Confusion
2. Identity Comparison
3. Identity Tolerance
4. Identity Acceptance
5. Identity Pride
6. Identity Synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GESTALT
the defenses we develop to prevent us from experiencing the present fully |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GESTALT
interacting with nature and with other people without losing one’s individuality |
|
|
Term
| Mindfulness Skills (3rd Wave CBT) |
|
Definition
Non-Judgmental, One-mindfully, Effective
-Observe
-Describe
-Participate
Balance emotion and reason |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reality Therapy
We generate behavior as individuals
Humans have control over their lives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reality Therapy
-Doing
-Thinking (includes subconscious and dreams)
-Feeling
-Physiology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reality Therapy
Fantasy Land
Perfect World
Everything we want |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Good plans are SAMIC (Reality Therapy)
Simple
Attainable
Measurable
Immediate
Controllable (success depends on YOUR actions, not the actions of others) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FAMILY THERAPY
The ability of a system to arrive at the same destination from different paths or conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of distinguishing one’s thoughts from one’s emotions and oneself from others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| family environments in which members are overly dependent on each other or are undifferentiated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FAMILY THERAPY
A process in which two people who are in conflict involve a third person in order to reduce the tension and avoid conflict in the relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the degree to which boundaries are flexible among family members, and the nature of the contact that family members
have with each other
Diffuse boundaries = Enmeshment
Rigid boundaries = Disengagement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FAMILY THERAPY
Opposite of Enmeshment - Doesn't feel like a "part" of the family organically |
|
|
Term
| Bowenian Concepts/Approaches |
|
Definition
Triangulation
Differentiation of Self |
|
|
Term
| Minuchin / Structural Family Concepts |
|
Definition
Structural Family Therapy
-Boundary Permeability
-Mimesis
-Family Structure
-Family Sub-Systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Structural Family Therapy
a process by which a therapist appears similar to family members by imitating body language, style, or other features of communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diagram of family tree (includes details of family members) to see if there are any trends
example: You are an artist, your mom is an artist, your grandma is an artist |
|
|
Term
| Haley and Madanes / Strategic Family Therapy |
|
Definition
Straightforward suggestions
Paradoxical interventions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is behind Strategic Family Therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structural Family Therapy |
|
|
Term
| Who is behind Structural Family Therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is behind Family Systems therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Straightforward Suggestions |
|
Definition
Strategic Family Therapy
-DEF? |
|
|
Term
| Paradoxical Interventions |
|
Definition
Strategic Family Therapy
-DEF? |
|
|
Term
| Which family approach looks at the family interaction style of parents and grandparents (i.e., multigenerational)? |
|
Definition
Family Systems/Bowenian Therapy
(GENOGRAMS) |
|
|
Term
| Empowerment (general idea) |
|
Definition
Feminist Therapy
• Assess: Situation, client strengths, client resources, and client and societal limitations and boundaries.
– Power Analysis
• Brainstorm possible soluQon to current situation
• Help client to choose the best of the possible solutions/goals and help client to make change plan.
• Support the implementation of plan.
• Assess Success, Repeat as necessary |
|
|
Term
| Power Analysis Intervention |
|
Definition
FEMINIST THERAPY
Power Analysis Grid
Assess: Situation, client strengths, client resources, and client and societal limitations and boundaries. |
|
|
Term
| Empowerment Techniques/Principles |
|
Definition
Feminist Therapy
– Skills Development
• Address client’s limitaQons and external barriers
• Can be “Technically EclecQc”
– CommunicaQon skills: AsserQveness Training
– RelaQonship building: Empty Chair Technique
– Negative self‐talk: Socratic Questioning
– Social Justice: Feminist therapists are expected to use their power and privilege to create positive change in society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Feminist therapy
– Addressing Oppression
– Reframing |
|
|
Term
| How do feminist therapists view the role of values in therapy? Do they view therapy as a value-free enterprise? (from Corey) |
|
Definition
Non‐majority culture characteristics, skills, and values are validated and promoted as strengths.
Beneficial characteristics that are devalued by society are talked about as positive. |
|
|
Term
| Consciousness-Raising (Principle) |
|
Definition
Feminist Therapy
helping client to differentiate between the parts of their problems that are due to harmful social structures and what they contribute.
‐ What they can change |
|
|
Term
| Consciousness-Raising Groups |
|
Definition
| Feminist Movement - groups raising consciousness about oppression of women |
|
|
Term
| Externalizing the Problem |
|
Definition
Narrative Therapy
Separate person from problem.
He is depressed:
He is a person struggling against
depression. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Narrative Therapy
Have the client take the role of their problem (Alcoholism, depression, etc.) and answer questions (What do you do to the _Client's Name_? What purpose do you serve? When will you leave? Etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Narrative Therapy
exceptions to the problem that wouldn't be predicted by the problem's narrative or story itself.
(I.e. a time when you were tempted to drink, but didn't) |
|
|
Term
| How is Narrative Therapy similar to other therapies? |
|
Definition
Adlerian - phenomenological, early recollection
Feminist- dominant culture is designed to perpetuate viewpoints or stories that serve to work against the individual
Cognitive- deconstructing problematic stories similar to challenging black/white thinking, focusing thoughts on problems. Therapeutic relationship as a collaboration
Gestalt- increase client’s personal agency or power (similar to Feminist) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Narrative Therapy
Reality is constructed through conversation: monologically (by oneself) or dialogically (with others).
Wittgenstein: problem of “is”
Thin conclusions support problem saturated stories
Look at family, gender, culture, ethnicity, sexuality, SES, religion, etc. (importance of multi-cultural interview). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Group Therapy
Distortions of others, self-fulfilling prophecies, interpersonal dynamics will play out in the group as they do in real life |
|
|
Term
| Common Types of Counseling Groups |
|
Definition
Group Therapy
– Support
– Psychoeducational
– Interpersonal Process/Therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Group Therapy
Not WHAT is said, but how it is said and how the individuals respond to each other
all elements basic to groups unfolding from beginning to termination
– Examples: norms, level of cohesion, resistance, conflict resolution, group stages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Group Therapy
group leader/therapist interventions aimed at facilitating movement within a group
– Examples: pre-group interview, suggesting a new behavior, offering feedback, presenting interpretations |
|
|
Term
| What are the Post-Modern Therapies? What defines them? |
|
Definition
Narrative, Solution-Focused, Feminist
Constructivist, phenomenological, individual-in-context |
|
|
Term
| What are Lau’s main arguments about the translation of Evidence Based Treatments to ethnic minority populations? |
|
Definition
There are variations in outcomes between different cultures
Protective and risk factors will vary some between cultures (i.e. family cohesion, impact of racism, etc.)
Cultural differences can include barriers to treatment effectiveness such as attitudes, e.g., stigma, cultural mistrust
So, adapt EBT to culture |
|
|
Term
| On what dimensions can treatments be culturally adapted? |
|
Definition
- Language
• Values and attitudes about health/mental health, coping, skills, etc.
• Discrimination
• Interdependence
• Spirituality
• Indigenous cultural practices |
|
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Term
| How do the principles for empirically supported interventions (PESIs) from Division 17 differ from the Division 12 EST criteria? |
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Definition
Div 17 principles are more about choice and subjectivity and complexity of real-world problems
Div 12 more about too-specific, too-controlled requirements |
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Term
| Briefly, what are the criticisms of empirically supported treatments? |
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Definition
Too simplistic
Symptom focus: singular diagnosis; less severe samples
Maximally differentiable treatments not reflective of best treatments
Outcomes: arbitrary; clinical significance?
Inflexibility and slowing of innovation
Insurance |
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Term
| the A-B-C (D-E-F) theory of personality |
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Definition
CBT
A stands for the activating event.
B represents clients’ beliefs or cognitions
C is the client’s resulting emotional reactions and behavior (the outcome).
D is "Dispute irrational beliefs"
E is "Effective philosophy" (new way of looking at things
F is "New feeling" (hopefully better) |
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Term
| Three Components of Disputing (ABCDEF model) |
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Definition
Detecting - identify irrational behaviors
Discriminating - discriminate rational from irrational
Debating - "Why?" "Is that reasonable?" |
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Term
| How are the stages of change related to the research on Common Factors? |
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Definition
Approximately 70% of variance from Lambert & Barley (2002) is related to the client (Motivation and perception of the therapy/goals/problem)
WHICH MEANS that changes in motivation and perception (say from precontemplative to contemplative) correlate with better long-term outcomes |
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Term
| What does psycholingustic research find in the area of motivational interviewing intervention? What types of statements are found to be related to positive outcomes? |
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Definition
More "change-talk" = more change, less resistance
"Self-Talk" (e.g. I believe I can change) related to positive outcomes |
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Term
| What is the empirical support for culturally adapted treatments? |
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Definition
• Mixed findings on efficacy of culturally-adapted interventions vs. the implementation of EST/EBTs with ethnic minorities
– Efficacy vs. Effectiveness
• Meta analysis found medium-sized treatment effects, equal across ethnicities
• Comparing culturally adapte interventions to traditional mental health intvns = moderate effects |
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Term
| What are some contributions of identity stage models (either sexual orientation or racial identity) in counseling? Disadvantages or caveats? |
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Definition
• Helpful for assessment, background knowledge, but may be some limitations.
• Stage Model - Assumptions???
• Bisexuality, queer identity, asexuality
• Multicultural perspectives on identity:
– For example: “Two Spirit” notion in Native American culture
– Multiple identities intersecting (e.g., Female process; Person of Color / LGBTQ identity; Spiritual identity) |
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