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| officially abolished slavery and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. Adopted on December 6, 1865 and was declared on December 18, 1865. |
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| provides a broad definition of citizenship and was used in the mid-20th Century to dismantle racial segregation in the United States, as in Brown v. Board of Education. |
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| prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen’s “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” |
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| Born in 1762 and was captured and traded to white men for guns. He had the nickname “Prince,” but his long hair was cut off when he was sent to America. He finally earned his freedom in 1829. |
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| Christian concept of divine love and forgiveness of racism |
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| Influential speech by Booker T. Washington before a predominantly white audience. |
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| A revival meeting that took place in Los Angeles, which was led by William Seymour, and African American preacher. Characterized by ecstatic spiritual experiences. |
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| the name that was given to her by Elisha Muhammed in substitution of her slavery. She was Malcolm X’s wife. |
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| a slave from Georgia, while working on his plantation, it was later discovered that he had been keeping a 13 page Arabic document that was revealed to be a transcription of a Muslim legal treatise. |
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| the site of many racial discriminations and many civil rights movements. |
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| Used in the movement of blacks throughout the world, primarily in the United States. Mostly in the 1960’s and 1970’s, the movement emphasized racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural institutions to nurture and promote black collective interests, advance black values, and secure black autonomy. |
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| - American political leader, educator, orator and author. He was the dominant figure in the black community in the U.S. between 1890 and 1915. Received Nation Prominence for his Atlanta Address of 1895. |
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| Brown v. Board of Education |
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| a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students and denied black students equal opportunities. |
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| Self defense strategy against violent racism and human rights. |
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| Chickens coming home to roost |
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| - Malcolm X’s statement referring to J.F.K. and was silenced for 90 days. |
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| Extended voting rights and outlawed racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served in general public. |
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| Arouse slaves into rebelling against their master and later wrote in The Freedom Journal. |
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| Fought to liberate his people away from slavery and planned an abortive slave insurrection. Purchased his freedom and opened a carpentry shop. |
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| originated from an 1897 Atlantic Monthly article titled “Strivings of the Negro People.” It was a sense of looking at one’s self through the eyes of others and measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| Consisted of two orders by President Lincoln during the Civil War, which declared freedom for all slaves of the Confederate States. This was criticized because it only freed slaves which the Union had no power over. |
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| African American boy from Chicago who was murdered in Mississippi after reportedly whistling at a white woman. Was noted as one of the leading events that motivated the American Civil Rights Movement. |
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| A Democratic party politician and police official from the city of Birmingham, Alabama, during the American Civil Rights movement |
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| Pray five times a day, fasting, profession of faith, giving of alms, and pilgrimage (Hajj). |
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| the death of four little girls due to a terrorist attack by the KKK at a church in Birmingham, Alabama. The bombing increases support for people working for civil rights and marked a turning point in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement in the 1960’s. |
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| The movement of 1.4 million blacks from the South to the North, Midwest, and West from 1910 to 1930. Migrated to escape racism and to seek employment. |
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| a pilgrimage to Mecca. A fifth pillar of Islam and is currently the largest pilgrimage in the world. |
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| Institutions of higher education in the U.S. that were established before 1964 with the intention of serving the black community. |
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| a leading member of the generation of Black Americans who led the abolition movement away from moral suasion to political action. Urged slaves to act and claim their own freedom. |
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| led the nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. |
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| - Youngest President to be elected to office. Was assassinated on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas. |
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| - W.E.B. Du Bois’ concept of African Americans living in the vital life of the African American community. |
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| Spiritual leader of India during the independence movement. He first employed non-violent civil disobedience while being a lawyer in South Africa. |
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| African American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist. His detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, and violence. |
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| organized a practical back to Africa movement. He was wire-tapped and surveyed by the FBI and he got deported. His life was despaired. |
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| an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. Wanted to secure progress on civil rights in the United States and became a human rights icon. |
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| the center of the Islamic world and the birthplace of both the Prophet Muhammed and the religion he founded |
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| The National Association for the Advanced of Colored People. A Civil rights organization for ethnic minorities in the United States. |
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| Popular religious leader among his fellow slaves and he and five other slaves killed their master. Started a general revolt and was not captured until 6 weeks later. He and 15 of his companions were then hung on Jerusalem. |
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| a religious organization founded in Detroit, Michigan by Muhammed in 1930, with the goal of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of black men and women of America |
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| - a black civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group led by W.E.B. Du Bois and William Trotter. It was a call for opposition to racial segregation. |
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| - the leader of the Science Temple founded in 1914. |
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| Martin Luther King Jr. and Gandhi promoted it as a means to social change. |
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| Organization of Afro- American Unity |
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| Organization formed by Malcolm X to promote cooperation between African Americans. |
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| The sociopolitical world view, philosophy, and movement which seeks to unify native Americans and members of the African diaspora into a “global African community.” |
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| Decision was handed down by a 7 to 1 vote, which upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public accommodations, under the doctrine of “separate but equal.” |
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| Creation of military districts in the seceded states not including Tennessee, requiring congressional approval for new state constitutions, Confederate states giving voting rights to all men, and all former Confederate states must ratify the 14th amendment. |
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| Founder of AME Church (The first independent black domination in the United States. |
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| African American civil rights activist who was later called “the Mother of the Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement.” At the age of 42, she refused to give up her seat on a bus to make room for a white passenger. |
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| the 1923 massacre of African Americans over a couple nights that included lynching’s and the burning down of almost every structure |
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| tortured and executed by a lynch mob in Coweta County, Georgia. |
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| tortured and executed by a lynch mob in Coweta County, Georgia. |
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| Southern Christian Leadership Conference. King’s leadership council based on non-violent direct acton. |
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| Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. One of the primary institutions of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960’s. |
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| Southern Cultural Diaspora |
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| the dispersement of blacks leaving the South and going North. This was the second one. |
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| composed by slaves and some of the earliest black Christians. |
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| group of intellectual African Americans who were race leaders and uplifted the others. |
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| Obstacles to full participation in the American society that blacks faced as of the 1940’s. Enormously influential as to how racial issues were viewed, and was cited in the Brown v. Board of Education case in general. Democracy would triumph over racism. |
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| - The “father of gospel music.” Director of the Pilgrim Baptist Church in Chicago from 1932 until the late 1970’s. |
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| European empires lacked a work force and therefore they brought the African’s over because they were hard workers and had experience with the agriculture and cattle, as well as the hot climate and many diseases. Basically they could be way over-worked. |
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| a race riot where a lot of people were murdered. Was one of the wealthiest African American capatalists in the United States. One of the more documented murders. |
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| Founded by Booker T. Washington and is a national historic site. |
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| A Muslim scholar who spent 25 years studying the Muslim scholars. He was captured during a military conflict and then spent the rest of his life as a slave for multiple masters. |
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| Universal Negro Improvement Association. International self-help organization founded by Marcus Garvey. |
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| Outlawed discriminatory voting rights practices that had been responsible for the disenfranchisement of African Americans in the United States. |
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| American Civil Rights activist, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, historian, author and editor. |
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| - a name of a very major ethnic group who is very rich in culture. |
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