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| Imposition of a criminal sanction by a sentencing authority, such as a judge |
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| The penalty a court imposes on a person convicted of a crime |
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| “The punishment of the criminal is the collective reaction of the community to the wrong that has been done. It is the offender’s lot to be punished.” |
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| : The smooth functioning of social institutions, the existence of positive and productive relations among individual members of society, and the orderly functioning of society as a whole |
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| Punishment is equated with vengeance |
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| Involves an emotional response to a criminal act |
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| Paying back the victim for what the offender has done. |
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| Associated with “an eye for an eye” |
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| Victims feel they have a right to get even |
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| When a crime occurs there is a breakdown in the moral balance; punishment restores this breakdown |
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| Criminal offenders are morally blameworthy and are therefore deserving of punishment |
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| Punishment will prevent future wrongdoing |
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| Punishment must outweigh the benefits of a crime |
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| the deterrence of the individual being punished from committing additional crimes |
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| the use of the example of individual punishment to dissuade others from committing crimes |
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| It is society’s responsibility to protect “law-abiding” individuals from those who cannot control their behavior |
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| Belief that criminals cannot be changed and they need to be segregated from society |
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| The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce an offender’s capability to commit future offenses |
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| Rehabilitation or Reformation |
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| The changing of criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by “correcting” the behavior of offenders |
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| sub-goal of rehabilitation |
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| The process of making the offender a productive member of the community |
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