Term
| What are some attitudes about casual sex? |
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Definition
-more permissive over time
-most tolerate sex before marriage in the individuals are in love |
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Term
| Who is usually judged more often about sexuality? |
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Definition
| -women, there seems to be a "double-standard" that creates this |
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Term
| What are some reasons as to why attitudes about sex have changed over time? |
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Definition
-birth control is readily available
-new social stigma
-60's/70's free love & sexual revolution |
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Term
| What are some common US cultural standards and assumptions? |
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Definition
-US is mostly conservative
-US is strictest on sexual vs. marital beliefs
-sexual beliefs are connected to the social policy |
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Term
|
Definition
-assumption is a lot of desire = in love
-this is a dangerous belief
-romantic love is on the down fall |
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Term
| What are American Attitudes on same-sex sexuality? |
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Definition
-not acceptable, if they believe sexuality is a choice
-no empirical basis for denying gays & lesbians the legal benefits of civil unions |
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Term
| What are some men vs. women beliefs on sex? (men) |
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Definition
-men tend to be "okay" with sex without intimacy
-not how often you have sex, but compatibility that makes it good
-men are more permissive |
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Term
| What are some men vs. women beliefs on sex? (women & sexual double-standard) |
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Definition
-men who have multiple partners = stud
-women who have multiple partners = whore
-taboo about casual sex, society is more accepting of men with stds than of women with stds |
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Term
| What are some facts regarding sex for the first time? |
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Definition
-average age of first time is 17
-teens are experiencing puberty earlier |
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Term
| Why do people have sex? (4 underlying reasons) |
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Definition
-emotional
-physical
-pragmatic (means to an end, sleep to get a promotion)
-insecurity |
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Term
| Talk about some aspects of teen sexuality. |
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Definition
-context of sex (first time, rape, ect..)
-usually in committed relationships
-love=greater closeness
-just sex without love = regret |
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Term
| Talk about teen sexuality in terms of girls vs. boys. |
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Definition
-girls are usually more ambivalent
-boys are more eager
-if teens are same age, more likely to use a condom, wait & have less regret
-if boy is older, less likely to use a condom, more likely to have it sooner and have regret |
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Term
| What is the good gene hypothesis? |
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Definition
-women cheat in order to have healthy offspring
-however, sperm competition might evolve to counteract such behavior |
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Term
| In terms of infidelity, who is more likely to cheat men or women? |
|
Definition
-men
-more likely to have an unrestricted sociosexual orientation than women |
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Term
| What is the men difference between men and women in terms of sexual desire? |
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Definition
-men have a higher sexual desire
-it can lead to misunderstandings in terms of negotiating sex within a relationship |
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Term
| What influences satisfaction in terms of sex? |
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Definition
-type of relationship
-number of partners (fewer=greater satisfaction)
-need for fulfillment
-motivation & communication
-relationship satisfaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-attitudes about sex
-men 1/3 have sex outside of their relationship
-women 1/5 have sex outside of their relationship
-based on motivations, individual differences and sociosexual orientation |
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Term
| Explain the term relationship evaluation, in regards to stresses and strains within a relationship. |
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Definition
| -our perception that they value the relationship with us less than we want them to |
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Term
| Explain the term relational devaluation & what does it cause. |
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Definition
-causes hurt feelings
-leaves us psychologically wounded and despondent |
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Term
| Explain the term ostracism. |
|
Definition
-cold shoulder
-people ignore their partners in order to achieve some goal
-recipients of ostracism usually resent it |
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Term
| When do people experience jealousy? |
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Definition
-when they face the potential loss of a valued relationship to a real or imagined rival
-dependent, inadequacy, past experience (7 years to recover!), attachment style (insecure is more prone), neuroticism, we value monogamy and traditional gender roles |
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Term
Compare & Contrast
Reactive Jealousy vs. suspicious jealousy |
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Definition
-reactive= jealous in response to a real threat
-suspicious= jealous in response to an odd behavior |
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Term
| How should you properly cope with jealousy? |
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Definition
| -practice self-reliance and self-bolstering |
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Term
| What is the textbook definition for deception? |
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Definition
| -intentional behavior that creates an impression in the recipient that the deceiver knows is false |
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Term
| How do we indicate that someone is lying? |
|
Definition
-non-verbal behavior cues
-fidgeting, no eye-contact, ect... |
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Term
| What does the term truth bias mean? |
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Definition
| -we believe that the lie cannot be true, because we care about and love our partners |
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Term
| What is the textbook definition of betrayal? |
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Definition
| -hurtful actions by people we trusted and from whom we did not expect such misbehavior |
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Term
| What is the textbook definition for forgiveness? |
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Definition
| -giving up one's right to retaliate for the wrong doing of others |
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Term
| How does Gotman say to regulate conflict? |
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Definition
-soften the startup (compliment first, then complain)
-accept influence
-accept other's point of view, don't wear blinders
-matters more to men than women, in terms of accepting influence
-compromise
-be specific |
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Term
| What are some ways to describe conflict? |
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Definition
-unavoidable
-interpersonal dissimilarity
-intrapersonal dissimilarity (dialectic)
-competing needs |
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Term
| Explain and expand on the idea of "frequency of conflict." |
|
Definition
-personal traits
-attachment style
-stage of lide
-high agreeableness = less conflict
-low agreeableness= more conflict
-most conflicts in couples don't change |
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|
Term
| Define Interpersonal conflict. |
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Definition
| -occurs when people have to give up something that they want because of their partner's influence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -are woven into a relationship, always eventually cause some kind of strain |
|
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Term
What are the five courses of conflict?
Think IAETN |
|
Definition
- investigating events
-attributions
-engagement and escalation
-the demand/withdraw pattern
-negotiation and accommodation |
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Term
| Explain the first course of conflict, instigating events. |
|
Definition
-4 categories of events cause conflict
-criticism, illegitimate demands, rebuffs, cumulative annoyances
-heterosexuals often fight over access to sex |
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Term
| Explain the second course of conflict, attributions. |
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Definition
| -when partners fight over whose explanation is right, and whose is wrong |
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Term
| Explain the third course of conflict, engagement and escalation. |
|
Definition
-when an escalating event occurs, partners can decide to choose conflict or to avoid it
-can be direct or indirect
-problem occurs when partners fall into a pattern of negative affect reciprocity |
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Term
| Explain the fourth course of conflict, the demand/withdraw pattern. |
|
Definition
-occurs when one partner approaches the other about a problem and the other responds by avoiding the issue
-women tend to be the demanders and the men tend to be the withdrawers |
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Term
| Explain the fifth course of conflict, negotiation and accommodation. |
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Definition
-when a couple works towards a solution in a sensible manner
-when couples choose to inhibit the course of fighting fire with fire & work for a solution and with a constructive voice and loyalty |
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Term
| List the four types of couples. |
|
Definition
-volatile=frequent and passionate arguments
-validators=calmer, more relaxed discussions
-avoiders=avoid conflict or discuss it mildly and gently
-hostiles= marked negatively, mirages are more fragile than the other three groups |
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Term
| List the two possible outcomes of conflict. |
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Definition
| -ending conflict= it can end with separation, domination, compromise, integrative agreement, and structural improvement |
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Term
| Can fighting be good for a relationship? |
|
Definition
| -yes if couples use the speaker/listener technique |
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Term
| What does a volatile conflict graph look like? |
|
Definition
-Bad
-REALLY GOOD
-Bad
(up and down) |
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|
Term
| What does a validators conflict graph look like? |
|
Definition
-up and down, up and down
-casual trend |
|
|
Term
| What does an avoiders conflict graph look like? |
|
Definition
-mostly steady line
-secretly hope it will go away |
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|
Term
| What does a hostile conflict graph look like? |
|
Definition
-rapid up and down
-negative affect |
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|
Term
| What is the textbook definition of social power? |
|
Definition
| -the ability to influence the behavior of others and to resist their influence on us |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dependency
-alternatives ( great alternative = more power)
-principle of lesser interests (less interested = more power) |
|
|
Term
| Compare fate control vs. behavioral control. |
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Definition
-fate= complete control over restrictive things
-behavioral= one person changes to interest partner |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| -get what you want, by taking things away |
|
|
Term
| Compare fate control vs. behavioral control. |
|
Definition
-fate= complete control over restrictive things
-behavioral= one person changes to interest partner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -get what you want, by taking things away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -whine or pouting to get what you want |
|
|
Term
| What is legitimate power? |
|
Definition
-what is understood or agreed upon
-social norms, golden rule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -what you want to be happy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -who knows what's up, broad |
|
|
Term
| What is informational power? |
|
Definition
| -really specific piece of information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -power that is out in the open but not completely equal |
|
|
Term
| What are the two forms of violence? |
|
Definition
-physical
-psychological/emotional |
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