Members of the League of Nation solemnly bound themselves to help any  member  that was the victim of aggression.

Aftermath of WW1

Shipping ws inadequate soldiers waited for years to return to Canada

Soldiers wanted more money  for pensions and other payments to compensate foe  going to war.

Soldiers had difficulty  adjusting to "normal" life, working in factories.

Quebec Conscriotion  opposition tore the country in two.

Group of Seven

1920's

Emily Carr

Canada's greatest artist

She scetched and painted scenes of forests around Victoria and studied aborigional culture

 Wone the Governor Generals award for her novel Klee Wyck- Laughing One

Foster Hewitt

 He shoots! He scores!

Pier 21

Halifax sea port

Groups of  1000 immigrants  would arrive at one time and there were processed in groups of 250

Top 5 groups:

England

Poland

US

Scotland

Ireland

Chanak Crisis

1922

British sent troops to Turkey  to gain control of the port of Chanak ,a waterway that led from  the Black Sea  to the Mediterranean and gave easy access to Europe  through the Balkans.

Canadian P.M King  made it clear to Britain  that  Canada would not unconditionally suppor Britians t Imperialist war policies

Halibut Treaty

1923

Only Canada and the US signed a treaty to  protect the halibut on the coast of BC and Alaska.( not Britain)

 The US Senate di not approve it.

Britain protested that Canada had signed without them- PM King threatened  to establish a completely independant Canadian  ambassador in Wahington

Imperial Conference

1926

 Balfour Report

Acknowledge that the dominion of Canada was autonomous and not subordinate to Great Britian

The Governor General was only a representative of the British Monarchy

"colony became a nation"

Imperial Conferance

The Statute of Westminster

1931

Recognized  in law that made Canada an autonomous dominion of Britain

December 11, 1931 Canada became a sovreign state as part of the  British Commonwealth of Nations( countries formerly colonies of Britain)

Fear of Communism

 Canadian officials  began looking for communist  literature at the borders and people wer sent to prison.

Winnipeg General Strike

Causes

Building and Metal Trades went on strike for  decent wages,8 hour days,right to collect bargaining for better working conditions

30,000 workers walked off the job.

In sympathy workers in VancouvermToronto and Montreal joined them

All services shut down.

Closed;

Factories

Stores

Public Transit

Garbage Collection

Fire-fighters

Postal Workers

Telephone Operators

Winnipeg officials banned all parades and demonstration

Canadian Gov't changed the Criminal Code so they could arrest and deport anyone who was suspected of trying to start a  revolution withour a trial.

Canadian troops were sent in with machine guns

RCMP raided homes of union leaders and arrested 10 strike leaders

Bloody Saturday

June 21,1919

A crowd  of strikers overturned a  streetcar and set it on fire the RCMP charged the crowd  one man was killed 30 injured

General Strike Committee ordered worker back to work

 Some strikers were fired.

King-Byng Crisis

1926

PM King formed a coalition government  with the  Liberal party and  progressive Party.PM King feared  that he was losing the support of the  Progressives so wanted to  call  a new election.

Lord Byng of Britain( Governor General) refused his request and wnated King to resign and he  invited the  Conservative Prty to form the government.

 PM ARthur Meighen lost a vote in the Hose of Commons  and an election was called.This was the last time a Governor General refused the request of a PM

Women's  Christian Temperance Union and Prohibition

Prohibition lasted:

Quebec-3yrs

BC-4yrs

PEI -48 yrs

Influenced the goverment to ban alcohal sale and consumptions as it was belived alcohol led to:

wife abuse

child abuse

accidents

poverty

neglect fo family

diseases

wife desertion

death

(and it does)

People in the prairies produced moonshine and it was bootlegged to the US in fishing schooners

 Real McCoy- Bill McCoy was an American boat builder who never watered down his alcohol.

Agnes Macphail

1921

 First Female  Member of Parliament

 Noted for  Prison Reforms

1954 appointed to the senate

The Famous Five and the Persons Case

1929

Women fighting for freedom and equality

Emily Murphy

Nellie McClung

Henrietta Muir Edwards

Louise McKinney

Irene Parlby

1916- Emily Murphy was the first woman judge in the British Empire- lawyers challenged her right to  preside as she was not considered a "peron" under the law

1927- Supreme Court asked to rule.

Supreme Court ruled that the Fathers of Confederation did not intend it to include women.

1928 F.F.  with PM KIng appealed to the British Privy Council to consider itas the"persons" case

1929Privy Council  ruled  women are elible to become  emebers of the senate so " to those who  would ask whay  the work 'person' shoulddd include females the obvious answer is why should it not"

Laissea faire

Let do

Governments let economies do what ever they want without interference.

Problem- governments had to  control social  and economic matters.

Countries that have a capitalist economic system.Individual producers and consumers determine the kinds of goods and services produced the the price.

Goods- things

Services- paying for a mechanic to fix your car

 Buyers and sellers  exchange goods and services for profit.

Supply- is the availability of a particular product or commodity

Demand- represents how badly people want the  product

Boom- extreme prosperity

Bust- a deep prolonged recession or depression

Overproduction of manufactured goods

Canadas reliance on exporting staple prducts like  crops,timber,minerals and  extreme competition from Argentina,Australia,the US.

Dust Bowl of the 1930's- worst drought, crops failed.

Canadas Dependance on the US

Black Tuesday

 October 29,1929

Stock Market Crash

Causes-

Investors buying on margin( buying with borrowed money)

Speculation- buying stocks with borrowed money hoping they woudl rise and they would sell for huge profits

Wheat prices dropped.

Investors lost confidence and started to sell quickly and in large volume

Toronto Stock Exchange dropped by $1million per minute

Tariffs

Protectionist

Are duties (money) collected on goods coming into the country.

Good-Protects home industries from the competition of foreign goods.

Bad- lose export markets.

Creates cycle of  protective trade between countries.

USA- Franklin Roosevelt -100 days of action

 Relif programs to put Americans back to work

John Meynard Keynes

British Economist

Spend  out of a depression.

Deficit Financing- Governments should borrow money and spend it on  huge employment projects like infrastucture to stop the spiral  created by economic depression.

No-employment-no purchasing-no producing

Riding the  Rails

Unemplyment Relief  Camps

Prime Minister  RB Bennett

Bennetts New Deal

Social Safety Net

Progressive taxation

maximum number of hours in a work week

Introduction of minimum wage

Stronger regualtion of working conditions

unemploment Insurance

 Health and accident insurance

Revised old age pension plan

Agricultural support

Wheat Marketing Board

problem- did not help unemployment

On to Ottawa Trek

June 1935

Thousands of relief camp workers embittered and frustrated boarded trains in Vancouver to  protest and ask for  work with wages and real jobs.

Regina Riot- 300 RCMP used baseball bats,billy clubs and rea gas on the crowd for 3 hours. dozens injusred one officer beaten to death.

 Bennett defeated in next election and mackenzie King elected.

Dionne Quintuplets

 North Bay Ontario

1934

The five babies  became a tourist attraction when they were taken by the  Ontario governement away from their family.

Generated $500 million

Unemployment- as the depression worsened more people became unemployed making the depression deepen

Banking Failures- bankruptcies,bad loans.

Political consequences- formation of the Canadian Cooperaitive  Federation( later NDP) and Social Credit Party

Changing Role of Governement- enlighment of  leaders to take a more active role in unemployment,childcare,sick benefits,welfare, tax policies(increasing/decreasing),monetary policy(raising/lowering interest rates),fiscal policy( increasing/decreasing government expenditures)

controlling the value of the national currency