Max Van Manen

Phenomenological Human Science, practice, reflection

Immanuel Kant

German philosopher and founder of Critical Philosophy

Made first break with empiricism

Jerome Bruner

Students construct new ideas by intergrating new material

Noam Chomsky

Students understand the world through the arduous process of controlled inquiry

John Dewey

Grandfather of Pedagogy

Progressivism

Relies upon the use of scientific method to solve problems

W.E.B DuBois

Every arguement rests on an unproven postulate

Elliot Eisner

Qualitative Research

Free self-activity, discovery play

Howard Gardner

Multiple Intelligences

• Linguistic
• Musical
• Logical
• Spatial
• Kinesthetic
• Intrapersonal
• Interpersonal 

Maxine Greene

Purpose of education is for teachers and students to create meaning in their lives

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The common, natural man, Emile,

Original nature of man is good but corrupted by society

Margaret Mead

Anthropologist, individual experience of developmental stages could be shaped by cultural demands and expectations

Daniel Goldman

Emotional Intelligence

William F. Pinar

Cultural character of the curriculum

Jean Paul Sarte

Existentialism

Emphasizes the untimacy of human freedom

Carl R. Rogers

Client-centered therapy

Humanist

Martin Heidegger

Metaphysics

Relativist

Social Critic

Educated in Phenomenological Tradition

Abraham Maslow

The father of Humanistic Psychology

Heirarchy of Needs

Maria Montessori

Education is not what the teacher gives; it is a natural process spontaneously carried out by the human individual

Theoretical Base Of Interpretive Paradigm

• "Easern Thought"
• Ethnographist
• Constructionist
• Relativist
• Reconceptualist
• Anti-Positivist
• Pragmatist
• Progressivist
• Naturalist
• "Native American" though
• Nominalist
• Existentialist 

Methods of Interpretive Paradigm

1. Role Play 
2. Interview
3. Participant Observation
4. Probing
5. Scenario
6. Script Taping
7. Case Study
8. Descriptive Research