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| A form of fallacious reasoning in which only two extremes are considered; also referred to as black-and-white or either/or thinking or as a two-valued orientation. |
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| a point of view in which primary consideration is given to the way things are labeled and only secondary consideration (if any) to the world of experience. Opposed to extensional orientation. |
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| The feeling or emotional aspect of a word's meaning, generally viewed as consisting of evaluation. |
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a misevaluation in which a person makes an inference, regards it as a fact, and acts upon it as if it were a fact. |
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| a communication pattern that acknowledges another person's presence and indicates an acceptance of this person, this person's self-definition, and the relationship as defined or viewed by this other person. Opposed to rejection and disconfirmation. |
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an orientation that fails to recognize that the world is constantly changing; an attitude that sees people and events as fixed rather than as ever changing. |
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| a misevaluation that results when you categorize people, events, or objects into a particular class and respond to them only as members of the class' a failure to recognize that each individual is unique. |
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discrimination based on age, usually against older people. |
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The higher you go in abstraction the more general.
The lower you go the more specific. |
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discrimination against people with disabilities. |
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| nonverbal behaviors that directly translate words or phrases- for example, the signs for OK and peace. |
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| movements of the facial area that convey emotional meaning such as anger, fear, and surprise. |
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| the study of the communicative function of space; the study of how people unconsciously structure their space- the distance between people in their interactions, the organization of space in homes and offices, and even the design of cities. |
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| a possessive or ownership reaction to an area of space or to particular objects. |
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the study of touch or tactile communication |
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| the vocal but nonverbal aspects of speech. Paralanguage consists of voice qualities, vocal characterizers, vocal qualifiers, and vocal segregates. |
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| the study of the communicative nature of time, of how a person's or a culture's treatment of time reveals something about the person or culture. Often divided into psychological and cultural time. |
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Artifactual Communication |
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messages that are conveyed by objects that are made by human hands. Art, color, clothing, jewelry, hairstyle, and smell would be examples of artifactual messages. |
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| the specific times in a culture such as start dating, get married, graduate college. |
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| an emphasis on or orientation toward past, present, or future time; varies from person to person. |
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| emotions that are a combination of the primary emotions, for example, disappointment is a blend of surprise and sadness. |
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rules or customs (of a culture or an organization) that govern what is and what is not permissible communication. |
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| The expression of feelings-for example, feelings of guilt, happiness, or sorrow. |
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the assumption that expressing emotions (that is, giving vent to the emotions) lessens their intensity. |
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| the process by which the strong emotions of one person are taken on by another person; the assumption that, like the flu, emotions may be contagious. |
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Basic emotions; usually identified are joy, acceptance, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, and anticipation. |
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The methods and techniques by which anger is controlled and managed. |
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the feelings we have - for example, our feelings of guilt, anger, or love. |
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| responses a listener makes to a speaker (while the speaker is speaking) but which do not ask for the speaking role, for example, interjections such as "I understand" |
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an expression of regret or sorrow for having done what you did or for what happened. |
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advice about advice, for example, suggesting that they seek more expert advice. |
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verbal land nonverbal attempts to take over the role of the speaker. |
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the process of revealing something about yourself to another; usually refers to info that you'd normally keep hidden. |
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| a form of communication in which each person is both the speaker and listener; communication characterized by involvement, concern, and respect for the other person. Opposed to monologue. |
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an explanation designed to lessen the negative consequences of something done or said. |
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| Communication that is primarily social; communication designed to open the channels of communication rather than to communicate something about the external world. "Hello" and "How are you?" in everyday interaction are examples. |
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