The _____ is the operational hub of a modern television station.
Definition
MCR (Master Control Room)
Term
Broadcast networks began using satellites to send programming to local television stations and cable TV systems in the mid 1960s.
Definition
False
Term
Data goes through a process called _____ to create ATM cells.
Definition
segmentation
Term
The Internet is an ideal place for video traffic.
Definition
False
Term
Until the introduction of _____ as a viable competitor, cable operators were virtual monopolies of distribution, sometimes holding the fate of a new network in their hands.
Definition
DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite)
Term
The ______ transports all of the systems content.
Definition
Core Network
Term
What SONET carrier operation standards for transmission are used in the U.S.?
Definition
The SONET carrier standard in the US is based on the Synchronous Transport Signal (STS-1) building block. STS-1 operates at 51.84 Mbps or just about a DS3.
Term
Worldwide, almost 200 million broadband subscribers exist.
Definition
true
Term
Upstream traffic occurs when the network device needs to send data back to the client STB.
Definition
False
Term
It is estimated that approximately _____% of high-speed data traffic is now video content.
Definition
50
Term
Analog television can produce a clearer, more vivid image than digital television.
Definition
False
Term
Microwave radio can be used where there is a direct ______ __ ______ available from the studio to the transmitter and where the required licenses can be obtained.
Definition
line of sight
Term
PDH standards are seldom used today.
Definition
False
Term
Every DSL customer must install a DSL modem.
Definition
True
Term
_____ is necessary to ensure that content owner's copyrights are preserved and illegal copies are not made by consumers.
Definition
DRM
Term
The dotted line in the figure below (labeled with a A) represents: [image]
Definition
High Definition Video
Term
Most information regarding ______ ______ is confined to characterizations of usage across general categories such as P2P (peer-to-peer) or HTTP-based web surfing.
Definition
usage patterns
Term
In an ______ network, video content is placed onto the network only when someone is watching it.
Definition
SDV (switched digital video)
Term
A content ______ system:
[image]
Definition
preparation
Term
The pattern showing an example of progressive scanning is pattern _____ in the graphic below and the pattern showing interlaced scanning is pattern _____ in the graphic below.
[image]
Definition
A,B
Term
Horizontal image resolution would be tested using pattern _____ in the graphic below and vertical image resolution would be tested using pattern _____ in the graphic below. [image]
Definition
B,A
Term
______ video is video in its raw, natural format.
Definition
Baseband
Term
______ captioning was originally developed to help people with hearing impairments.
Definition
Closed
Term
______ is the process used in a video signal for capturing, storing, transporting, and displaying the brightness and color values of each pixel.
Definition
Scanning
Term
The CAS (conditional access system) determines which subscribers are permitted access to the content.
Definition
True
Term
P2P (______-_-______) is a technology for sharing content among computers that are owned by individuals and not necessarily companies or corporations.
Definition
peer-to-peer
Term
IPTV is exclusively for home consumption.
Definition
False
Term
When consumers want to view content that has been protected with CAS (condition access system), the client devices need to communicate with either a ______ ______ or an embedded security model.
Definition
SC (smart card)
Term
An IP _____ is a minimal user interface and is designed to present content (advertisements) to various display devices.
Definition
STB (set top box)
Term
With a video image of normal complexity, a _____ frame will take 2—4 times less data than an I frame of the same image.
Definition
P
Term
In VLC (variable-length coding), we use _____ bit patterns for more common characters.
Definition
shorter
Term
The output size (number of bits) of the compression engine's data file or data stream is _____ the input file or stream.
Definition
smaller than
Term
The size of each macroblock is not fixed using MPEG-_____ compression.
Definition
4
Term
Low level refers to picture sizes up to a maximum of _____ pixels by 288 lines.
Definition
352
Term
Contribution networks are seldom concerned about security.
Definition
False
Term
One large segment of the distance education market is abbreviated ______ .
Definition
IDL (interactive distance learning)
Term
One of the key differences between sports and regular entertainment television is the need for timeliness.
Definition
True
Term
Many security camera systems use ______ loop recording.
Definition
endless
Term
______ networks are used to transmit content to the final viewers by many different means, including broadcast, satellite, CATV, DSL, IP, and other types of networks.
Definition
Delivery
Term
When deployed, Verizon's _____ network provides a truly high-speed connection to subscribers.
Definition
FTTH (fiber to the home)
Term
It is not clear yet if a direct-to-the-consumer approach will be beneficial to content owners.
Definition
True
Term
Choose the correct labels for A, B, and C in the figure below. (standard commercial, targeted ads, telescoping ad)
[image]
Definition
A=Standard Commercial; B=Targeted Ads;C=Telescoping ad
Term
Video blogs, the visual descendent of _____ blogs, continue to proliferate and offer a range of content.
Definition
web
Term
Achieving the bandwidth required to deliver IPTV over DSL lines (in the US) requires relatively long distances (called loop lengths) between the operator's central office and the subscriber's home.
Definition
False
Term
Choose the correct labels for A, B, and C in the figure below. (standard commercial, targeted ads, telescoping ad)
[image]
Definition
A=Standard Commercial; B=Targeted Ads;C=Telescoping ad
Term
[image]
Definition
VHO (video hub office)
Term
Definition
unreliable
Term
Definition
t4
Term
Definition
True
Term
Definition
Acknowledgment
Term
Definition
False
Term
To keep track of all the _____, MPEG defines a series of tables that are sent as control data in the program stream.
Definition
PIDs (packet identifiers)
Term
A _____ is an elementary stream that has been broken up into easy-to-handle packets.
Definition
PES (packetized elementary stream)
Term
RTP (real-time transport protocol)is intended for real-time multimedia applications, such as voice and video over the Internet.
Definition
True
Term
_____ is the process of taking a data stream, formatting it into packets, and adding the headers and other data required to comply with a specific protocol.
Definition
Encapsulation
Term
[image]
Definition
Presentation and decode time stamps
Term
Definition
True
Term
Definition
unicast
Term
Definition
False
Term
Definition
True
Term
Definition
True
Term
Definition
datagram
Term
Definition
connectionless
Term
Definition
False
Term
Definition
NAT (network address translation)
Term
Definition
True
Term
______ multiplexing provides bandwidth to incoming channels in response to their instantaneous rate.
Definition
Statistical
Term
______ multiplexing provides a fixed amount of bandwidth to each incoming stream.
Definition
Time-division
Term
A key function of a video multiplexer is the correction of the presentation time ______ and clock reference values contained in the MPEG streams.
Definition
stamp
Term
A ______ is basically a collection of memory that is used to temporarily store information prior to taking some action.
Definition
buffer
Term
A ______ is used to control the flow of information between two networks.
Definition
firewall
Term
Propagation _____ is the amount of time it takes for information to travel from one location to another.
Definition
delay
Term
_____ is a measurement of variation in the arrival time of data packets.
Definition
Jitter
Term
The figure below shows an example of three different priority _____; we'll call one high priority, one medium priority, and one low priority.
Definition
queues
Term
An _____ is a contract between carriers and users that specify the quality of service that a carrier will deliver.
Definition
SLA
Term
The total resolution of an image is the product of the number of _____ per line and the number of lines.
Definition
pixels
Term
One of the features of HDTV is the change in aspect ratio from the standard definition television _____ ratio to the high definition 16:9 ratio.
Definition
4:3
Term
The amount of memory required for uncompressed digital video is large, because a digital image is produced _____ times a second.
Definition
30
Term
The analog NTSC television frame is made up of two _____ fields of alternating lines created by an electron beam that scans across the screen.
Definition
interleaved
Term
The _____ was created to signal the start of a new field.
Definition
VBI
Term
In the figure below, the signal shown in the small circle with the red question mark represents the _____.
In the figure below, the signal shown in the small circle with the red question mark represents the _____.
Definition
color carrier wave
Term
Two important parameters determine how an analog signal is turned into a digital signal; these are _____ and _____.
Definition
quantization level, sampling rate
Term
Motion JPEG, DV25, and Wavelet/fractal are video _____ formats.
Definition
compression
Term
In the CCIR 601 digitization standard, each audio channel in the composite television signal is sampled at _____ kHz.
Definition
48
Term
True video streaming is the process of downloading video content for storage so that it can be edited and viewed later.
Definition
False
Term
True streaming really harkens back to the origins of _____, and the way that broadcast, satellite, and CATV work today.
Definition
television
Term
Video and audio content can be hosted on standard web servers when download and play is used.
Definition
true
Term
_____ download takes the video content file and breaks it up into smaller segments, each one of which can be sent in turn to the player software.
Definition
Progressive
Term
The figure below represents the _____ of a typical streaming system.
Definition
architecture
Term
Raw video content, such as a live image generated by a camera or video that has been recorded to a tape, is generally not well suited for streaming applications.
Definition
true
Term
A significant processing job of the streaming server is to create _____ for each outbound stream.
Definition
packets
Term
Another responsibility of the server is to encrypt the packets in the outgoing stream, if required by the content owner.
Definition
true
Term
Player software is responsible for accepting the incoming stream and _____ it into an image that can be shown on the viewer's display.
Definition
converting
Term
Video streaming is a poor choice to accomplish narrowcasting.
Definition
false
Term
Corporate video consists of content that is intended to improve the _____ of an organization.
Definition
performance
Term
Today's compression algorithms are _____% more bandwidth efficient than those introduced two years ago.
Definition
20-30
Term
A good way to think about _____ is that it is like HTTP for real-time files.
Definition
RTSP
Term
_____ was developed to allow the design of websites that combined many different types of media, including audio, video, text, and still images.
Definition
SMIL
Term
All of the major players will play content that has been encoded using standards such as MPEG and MP3, along with a variety of other proprietary and non-proprietary formats.
Definition
true
Term
All of the major players will play content that has been encoded using standards such as MPEG and MP3, along with a variety of other proprietary and non-proprietary formats.
Definition
true
Term
Microsoft developed Windows _____ Player to allow video and audio files to be played on PCs running Microsoft operating systems.
Definition
Media
Term
Many innovations center around _____, which is Apple's name for its media streaming system.
Definition
QuickTime
Term
When you are selecting a streaming format to be used for content preparation, the most important consideration is to choose one that the target audience will have available.
Definition
true
Term
_____ was developed to allow the design of websites that combined many different types of media, including audio, video, text, and still images.
Definition
SMIL
Term
A good way to think about _____ is that it is like HTTP for real-time files.
Definition
RTSP
Term
Video and audio content can be hosted on standard web servers when download and play is used.
Definition
True
Term
Another responsibility of the server is to encrypt the packets in the outgoing stream, if required by the content owner.
Definition
true
Term
Spatial frequency components of the _____ can be thought of as the tiny checkerboard patterns that make up the image.
Definition
DCT (discrete cosine transform)
Term
After encoding the pixels for I-frames and finding the macroblock matches for B- and P-frames, MPEG uses a technique called _____, to reduce the number of bits even more.
Definition
VLC (variable length coding)
Term
_____ of multiple channels can be used in broadcast systems such as cable and satellite where multiple channels are merged into a single digital pipe.
Definition
stat-mux (statistical multiplexing)
Term
With _____ encoding, various parameters in the encoding algorithm are changed over time to create a resulting MPEG-2 bitstream that uses a constant number of bits per second.
Definition
CBR (constant bit rate)
Term
Video frames come into the MPEG encoder in a particular order and then are compressed, transmitted, and decoded in a different order.
Definition
true
Term
In multicasting, all viewers get the same signal at the same time.
Definition
true
Term
IP networks also support a function called _____, where a single packet is sent to every device on the local network.
Definition
broadcasting
Term
The three benefits for companies that use multicasting to send memos are:
Definition
The sender needs to know only the special addresses for the designated person in each location.
The amount of mail that is sent between locations is greatly reduced.
The burden on the sender is greatly reduced.
Term
Multicasts operate in one direction only.
Definition
true
Term
In unicasting, only one user's IP address in the company is needed to view a video when video must be sent to many IP addresses.
Definition
false
Term
If some kind of audience participation is allowed, then a broadcast has to be _____.
Definition
live
Term
One application for multicasting is to send information that is continuously _____.
Definition
changing
Term
The figure below was used in the textbook as an example of a multicast-enabled _____ network.
[image]
Definition
security
Term
One common example of an application for a CDN is to deliver static web pages to viewers for popular websites.
Definition
true (content delivery network)
Term
The purpose of IGMP is to give information to _____ on a network about streams that are being multicast.
Definition
routers
Term
_____ is used to periodically inform multicast-enabled receivers about programs that are currently being multicast on a network.
Definition
Session Announcement Protocol (SAP)
Term
In the figure below, _____ is the first user to request the multicast being offered by the source.
Definition
UD1
Term
Leaving a multicast can be a fairly complex process.
Definition
false
Term
Here is a list of some of the functions that a router must perform to support multicasting that are beyond the support needed for standard unicasting:
Definition
Duplicate multicast packets as needed to supply them to any requesting devices.
Process IGMP packets as required to determine when a device wants to join or leave a multicast.
Receive, duplicate, and forward SAP packets, which are sent to each device that may wish to receive multicast.
Term
In the figure below, section A represents the bandwidth of a _____ and B represents the bandwidth of a _____.
Definition
multicast, unicast
Term
The figure below shows an advanced IP _____ that performs server functionality within the home.
[image]
Definition
STB
Term
The _____ layer includes the low-level drivers.
Definition
OS
Term
In the _____ scenario, the IP video channels would provide the VOD channels as well as any additional broadcast channels required to round out the video service.
Definition
Hybrid
Term
All STBs implement either a multitasking or multithreaded system.
Definition
True
Term
The rights manager system is responsible for enforcing the rules that the content owner has set up.
Definition
true
Term
_____ was defeated because one player manufacturer neglected to encrypt the player's key.
Definition
CSS
Term
Pisys operates as a type of middleware.
Definition
true
Term
Public keys cannot be used to authenticate the sender of a message.
Definition
false
Term
The owner of a DVD is allowed to view the content but not to use it for private use.
Definition
false
Term
In the _____ scenario, the IP video channels would provide the VOD channels as well as any additional broadcast channels required to round out the video service.
Definition
hybrid
Term
The figure (shown below) walks through a typical process required for a thin client to display an _____ grid guide screen to the consumer's television.
[image]
Definition
EPG (electronic program guide)
Term
The application layer is where the suite of _____ applications resides.
Definition
IPTV
Term
The most common way to provide security is _____.
Definition
encryption
Term
For video applications, smart cards can deliver video content descrambling/decryption keys to a user device.
Definition
true
Term
_____ is a networking technology based on the transport of fixed-length packets of data, called "cells" in ATM standards.
Definition
ATM
Term
_____ offer many of the benefits of private networks but use the public Internet as a transport mechanism.
Definition
VPNs
Term
According to page 356, a drawback to leased lines is that they are insufficient for data flows that vary _____ over time.
Definition
greatly
Term
Leased lines are telecommunication circuits that are provided by a carrier for exclusive use of a single customer on an extended basis.
