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| A school of thought that explains international relations in terms of power. The exercise of power by states toward each other is sometimes called realpolitik, or just power politics |
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| belief in the possibility of cooperation to realize common gains. By building international organizations, institutions, and norms states can mutually benefit from economic exchanges. it matters little to liberals whether one state gains more or less than another- just whether the states wealth is increasing in absolute terms. |
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| Revolutionary Approach (World Systems theory, Dependency theory) |
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-Based on marxism (involves struggle between bourgeois (capitalists) vs the proletariat(workers) )
-tries to explain north-south gap |
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resources that states want but don't control
*tragedy of the commons* |
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| set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area |
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| United Nations founding Principles |
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1) states are = under international law
2) Have full sovereignty over their own affairs
3) Should have full independence and territorial integrity
4) should carry out their international obligations |
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| UN Security Council (WHAT IT DOES AND HOW IT VOTES) |
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Definition
5 great powers (US. Russia, China, France,U.K.) and 10 rotating member states makes decisions about international peace and security. responsible for the dispatch of peacekeeping forces
o Been here since 1945 and not going anywhere
• Non-Permanent Rotating Members: 2-year terms (10 of them)
• Everyone gets a yes vote
• Everyone gets to abstain
o You need 9 votes to pass
o Permanent members have a veto vote- strong no
o Non-permanent members have a (no) vote |
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| A body composed of representatives of all states that allocates UN funds, passes non binding resolutions and coordinates economic development programs and various autonomous agencies through the economic and social council |
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| World Court/ International Court of Justice |
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| The judicial arm of the UN; located in the Hague, it hears cases between states |
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| International Criminal Court (ICC) |
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| A permanent tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Hears cases of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity from anywhere in the world. |
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| Growth of specialized technical organizations that cross national borders |
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| European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) |
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| Economic union created in 1952. France and Germany were joined by Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg to reduce trade barriers in coal and steel and integrate the coal and steel industries in Western Europe |
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| A political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. It was created to foster economic cooperation after WWII |
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| European Currency Unit. A single european currency used by 19 members of the European union |
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| The increasing integration of the world in terms of communications, culture and economics |
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The founding document of the European Economic Community (EEC) or common market, now subsumed by the EU
-created a common market and customs union among its members for members of the ECSC |
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| Signed in the Dutch City of Maastricht and ratified in 1992; it commits the EU to monetary union (single currency and European central bank) and to a common foreign policy |
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| An economic theory and a political ideology opposed to free trade; it shares w/ realism the belief that each state must protect its own interests w/out seeking mutual gains through international organizations |
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| the principle that says states should specialize in trading goods that they produce w/ the greatest relative efficiency and that the lowest relative cost |
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| a duty or tax levied on certain types of imports (usually as a percentage of their value) as they enter a country |
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| The protection of domestic industries against international competition, by trade, tariffs and other means |
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| A post-WWII arrangement for managing the world economy, established at a meeting in Bretton Woods, New hampshire in 1944. Its main institutional components are the World Bank and the international monetary fund. |
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| An international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital programs. |
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| International Monetary Fund |
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Definition
| An intergovernmental organization that coordinates international currency exchange, the balance of international payments, and national accounts. Along w/ the world bank, it is a pillar of the international financial system |
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| Structural Adjustment program |
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Definition
| An agreement to loan the IMF funds on the condition that certain government policies are adopted is called an IMF conditionally agreement; implementation of these conditions is referred to as a structural adjustment program |
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| A set of 10 economic policy prescriptions considered to constitute the "standard" reform package promoted for crisis-wracked developing countries by Washington D.C. |
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| Multinational Corporation (MNC) |
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| A company based in one state w/ affiliated branches or subsidiaries operating in other states |
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| The disparity in resources (income, wealth,power) between the industrialized, relatively rich countries of the west and the poorer countries of Africa, the middle east and much of asia |
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| manufacturing regions core= center of the world-system, uses power from wealth to concentrate surplus from the periphery. the extraction regions are called the periphery |
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| Post-Colonial dependency * (theory)? |
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| is the notion that resources flow from the periphery of poor and underdeveloped states to a core of wealthy states enriching the latter at the expense of the former |
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| The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically. |
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| Resource Specialization and terms of trade |
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Definition
| refers to the tendency of countries to specialize in certain products which they trade for other goods, rather than producing all consumption goods on their own. Countries produce a surplus of the product in which they specialize and trade it for a different surplus good of another country |
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| A strategy of developing local industries often conducted behind protectionist barriers to produce items that a country had been importing |
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| An economic development strategy that seeks to develop industries capable of competing in specific niches in the world economy |
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| The most successful newly industrialized areas of East Asia: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong-Kong, and Singapore |
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| An agreement to loan IMF funds on the condition that certain government policies are adpoted |
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| The use of very small loans to small groups of individuals, often women, to stimulate economic development |
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| economic growth that does not deplete resources and destroy ecosystems so quickly that the basis of that economic growth is itself underminded |
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| Ozone Depletion and Montreal protocal |
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Definition
| Atmospheric problem negotiated by the worlds governments is the depletion of the worlds ozone layer. An agreement on protection of the ozone layer in which states pledged to reduce and then eliminate use of CFC's |
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| The main international treaty on global warming, which entered into effect in 2005 and mandates cuts in carbon emissions. Almost all the world's major countries except the US are participants |
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| A slow, long term rise in the average world temp. caused by the emission of greenhouse gasses produced by burning fossil fuels |
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| Forbids military activity, sets aside territorial claims for future resolution and establishes a regime under which various states conduct scientific research in Antarctica. |
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| UN Convention on the Law of the Sea |
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| Waters w/in 3 miles of the shore have traditionally been recognized as territorial, but disputes arise for how far out national sovereignty extends and for what purpose. 12 mile limit for shiping and a 200 mile exclusive economic zone covering fishing and mineral rights |
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| the pattern of falling death rates, followed by falling birth rates, that generally accomplishes industrialization and economic deveopment |
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| the proportion of babies who die within their first year of life |
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