Term
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Definition
The problem of how to provide something that benefits all members of a group regardless of what each member contributes to it.
Easier to provide in small groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Dominance, reciprocity, identity |
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Term
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Definition
| Solves the collective goods problem by establishing a power hierarchy in which those at the top control those below - a bit like a government but without an actual government. |
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Term
| Advantages/Disadvantages of Dominance |
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Definition
Forces members of a group to contribute to the common good. Minimizes open conflict within the group.
Comes at a cost of constant oppression of, and resentment by, the lower-ranking members in the status hierarchy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Solves the collective goods problem by rewarding behavior that contributes to the group and punishing behavior that pursues self-interest at the expense of the group. |
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Term
| Advantages/Disadvantages of Reciprocity |
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Definition
Tit for tat can escalate so both parties must be generous and kind towards one another.
One country opens up trade, the other will too. Fuels arm races |
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Term
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Definition
| Solves the collective goods problem not by relying on self-interest but by sacrificing own interests to benefit others. Basically, "We share the same identity so cooperation is based on this." |
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Term
| Impact of IR faculty on Politics |
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Definition
40% of IR faculty think that they have no impact on foreign policy, or even the discourse on foreign policy
What do IR professors do then?
Highly quantitative and theorietical research with limited policy implications
Databases usually end 5-10 years prior to current day
A minority, like at UVM, do policy research
Reference inside the ivory tower. |
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Term
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Definition
| Self interested states compete for power and security |
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Term
| Core Beliefs of Liberalism |
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Definition
| Spread of democracy, global economic ties, and international organizations will strengthen peace |
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Term
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Definition
| International politics is shaped by persuasive ideas, collective values, culture, and social identities |
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Term
| Key actors in IR - Realism |
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Definition
| States, which behave similarly regardless of their type of government |
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Term
| Key actors in IR - Liberalism |
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Definition
| States, international institutions, and commercial interests |
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Term
| Key actors in IR - Idealism |
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Definition
| Promoters of new ideas, transnational activist networks, and nongovernmental organizations |
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Term
| Main Instruments of Realism |
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Definition
| Military power and state diplomacy |
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Term
| Main Instruments of Liberalism |
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Definition
| International institutions and global commerce |
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Term
| Main Instruments of Idealism |
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Definition
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Term
| Realism's Intellectual Blind Spots |
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Definition
| Doesn’t account for progress and change in international relations or understanding that legitimacy can be a source of military power |
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Term
| Liberalism's Intellectual Blind Spots |
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Definition
| Fails to understand that democratic regimes survive only if they safeguard military power and security; some liberal forget that transitions to democracy are sometimes violent |
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Term
| Idealism's Intellectual Blind Spots |
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Definition
| Does not explain which power structures and social conditions allow for changes in values. |
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Term
| Realism's Intellectual Blind Spots |
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Definition
| Doesn’t account for progress and change in international relations or understanding that legitimacy can be a source of military power |
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Term
| Liberalism's Intellectual Blind Spots |
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Definition
| Fails to understand that democratic regimes survive only if they safeguard military power and security; some liberal forget that transitions to democracy are sometimes violent |
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Term
| Idealism's Intellectual Blind Spots |
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Definition
| Does not explain which power structures and social conditions allow for changes in values. |
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Term
| Kennan's "Sources of Soviet Conflict" |
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Definition
| According to Kennan, the Soviet Union did not see the possibility for long-term peaceful coexistence with the capitalist world. It was its ever-present aim to advance the socialist cause. Capitalism was a menace to the ideals of socialism, and capitalists could not be trusted or allowed to influence the Soviet people. Outright conflict was never considered a desirable avenue for the propagation of the Soviet cause, but their eyes and ears were always open for the opportunity to take advantage of “diseased tissue” anywhere in the world. |
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Term
| Kant: Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch |
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Definition
The "Preliminary Articles" described the steps that should be taken immediately, or with all deliberate speed:
"No secret treaty of peace shall be held valid in which there is tacitly reserved matter for a future war"
"No independent states, large or small, shall come under the dominion of another state by inheritance, exchange, purchase, or donation"
"Standing armies shall in time be totally abolished"
"National debts shall not be contracted with a view to the external friction of states"
"No state shall by force interfere with the constitution or government of another state"
"No state shall, during war, permit such acts of hostility which would make mutual confidence in the subsequent peace impossible: such are the employment of assassins (percussores), poisoners (venefici), breach of capitulation, and incitement to treason (perduellio) in the opposing state"
Three Definitive Articles would provide not merely a cessation of hostilities, but a foundation on which to build a peace.
"The civil constitution of every state should be republican"
"The law of nations shall be founded on a federation of free states"
"The law of world citizenship shall be limited to conditions of universal hospitality" |
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