Advertising regulations regarding children

“Americans”

Bottom of the pyramid

Branding, global brands

relative advantage

complexity

can the customer try it out? How risky is it to try? Expensive? Breakable?

CIF (Cost, insurance, and freight)

tariffs are levied on freight, invoice fees, port fees, insurance, documentation to arrive at CIF

Communications model

• Source
• Encoding= symbols, words, themes
• Message= in message channel
• Decoding= what can customer understand, what meaning is taken
• Receiver= who gets the message
•  Noise= interference
• Feedback= attitude, purchase, loyalty, complaint

Packaging

package, trademark, logo, price, quality, labelling requirements

service components

repair, installation, instructions, spare parts

Counterarguing

Countertrade

 a type of transaction in which goods are imported and sold by a company from a country in exchange for the right or ability to manufacture and/or sell goods in that country

Country of origin

Currency devaluation – product strategies at POS

reduction in value of one currency compared to others

Customs union

a stage in economic cooperation that benefits from a free trade area’s educed or eliminated internal tariffs and adds a common external tariff on products imported from countries outside the union

Cultural empathy

awareness and understanding of a culture's characteristics, beliefs and values

Decoding

no disruption of behaviors (adding another flavor or size)

some slight change in behavior is likely; product improved

old behaviors must change, learning required.

a total break with what is known, previously unknown product

a company sells to a company in another country

a company sells to a buyer (an importer or distributor) in the home country, the buyer in turn exports the product

a type of regional cooperation that involves an agreement between 2+ countries to reduce or eliminate customs duties and nontariff trade barriers among partner countries while members maintain individual tariff schedules for external countries

Food & Drug Administration

Free on Board: time period when title passes from buyer to seller, often on board a method of transit i.e. a ship 

Federal Trade Commission: an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act. Its principal mission is the promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of anti-competitive business practices, such as coercive monopoly.

parallel market,^[1] is the trade of a commodity through distribution channels which, while legal, are unofficial, unauthorized, or unintended by the original manufacturer.

market in which illegal goods are traded. Due to the nature of the goods traded, the market itself is forced to operate outside the formal economy, supported by the established state power

¨     More-developed country (MDC)

¨     Less-Developed country (LDC)

¨     Least-Developed Country (LLDC)

¨     Newly- Industrialized Countries (NIC)

§  Countries that are experiencing rapid economic expansion and industrialization

§  Do not exactly fit as LDC or MDC

§  Have moved away from restrictive trade practices

§  Instituted significant free market reforms

population, GDP/capita, doctors, hospital beds, color TV, refrigerator, shower 

set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings

the provision of financial services such as loans, savings, insurance, and training to people living in poverty. It is one of the great success stories in the developing world in the last 30 years and is widely recognized as a just and sustainable solution in alleviating global poverty

North American Free Trade Agreement= a comprehensive trade agreement that addresses, and in many cases improves all aspects of doing business within North America.  By eliminating trade and investment barriers among Canada, the United States, and Mexico, it created one of the largest and richest markets in the world

International transactions in which importers buy products from distributors in one country and sell them in another to distributors that are not part of the manufacturer’s regular distribution system

using a standard message with local variations; i.e. coca cola

a low price policy directed at gaining market share from competitors

a fully integrated form of regional co-operation that involves complete political and economic integration, either voluntary of enforced; the most notable example was the now disbanded Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), a centrally controlled group of countries organized by the Soviet Union

companies adapt their product to the culture and values of the country being entered (changes by country)

consistent product in all markets (the same)

the pricing disparity in which goods are priced higher in a foreign market than in the home market; caused by the added costs involved in exporting products from one country to another

tall slim soda cans, bottle with marble, etc…

communication to persons across cultures, while taking into similarities and differences in: learned meaning, verbal/pictorial/symbolic/idiomatic languages, appropriate/inappropriate roles and situations, humor/fear/comparison/education

Japanese decision making document; an approval/signature document that Japanese employees create to obtain approval for new projects, expenditures, or process changes.

Marketing activities that stimulate consumer purchases and improves retailer or middlemen effectiveness and cooperation

a method of pricing, generally used for foreign markets, in which a company seeks to reach a segment of the market that is relatively price insensitive and thus willing to pay a premium price for the value received; may be used to sell a new or innovative product to maximize profits until a competitor forces a lower price

convenience store in an under developed country

the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area.

outline/scenes in a promotion or commercial for a product either on TV, radio, or print advertising

• graphic organizers in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence

a system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources, raw materials and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer.

measures the company's economic value, "people account" – which measures the company's degree of social responsibility and the company's "planet account" – which measures the company's environmental responsibility