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| any commercial transation that crosses the borders of two or more countries |
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| Trend toward greater economic, cultural, political and technological interdependence among national institutions and economies |
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| Forces that drive globalization |
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Definition
Political, market, social,
competitive, technology, cost |
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Eliminates jobs in developed nations,
lowers wages in developed nations,
exploits workers in developing nations |
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increase wealth and efficiency in all nations,
generates flexible labor market in developed nations,
advanced economies of developing nations |
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| Proactive reasons for international buisness |
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Definition
Technological advantage and information,
increase sales and profits,
economies of scale and tax benefits |
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| Reactive reasons for international business |
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Definition
| geography (unsolicited requests), markets (access capacity), competitive pressure (efficiency) |
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| Why the imparative to globalize? |
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Definition
knowledge,
efficiency,
growth,
global customers, |
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| Pros of globalization for jobs and wages? |
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Definition
Increases wealth and efficiency everywhere,
generates flexible labor market in developed countries,
advances econ in developing countries |
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| Con of globalization for jobs and wages |
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Definition
eliminates jobs in developed nations,
lowers wages in developed nations,
exploits workers in developing nations |
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| Globalization's impact on labor |
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| labor standards: Trade unions say globalizization reduces labor's bargining power and lowers standards, but study in International Labor Organization failed to support these claims |
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| Globalization's impact on eviromental protection |
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| evniromental groups: race to the bottom, but american firms tend to invest in countries with stricter standards than the US |
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| Globalization's impact on future markets |
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| opponents to globalization: Exploit local labor markets and environment; but companies often check to see if they have a potential local market and production base |
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| Globalization and inequality |
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Definition
Inequality within nations (poor people in developing nations benefit most from open economy);
inequality between nations (nations open to world trade and investment grow faster than rich nations);
global inequality (has fallen, but experts disagree by how much) |
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| set of shared values, beliefs, rules and insitution held by a specific group of people |
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Social institutions,
aethetics,
manners and customs,
political/legal issues,
Language,
education,
religion,
values/attitudes/beliefs,
material culture |
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| perception of time, work and change |
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| saving face (china), japanese silience - lower price |
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| kinship, extended family; associations, class |
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technology,
social-financial infrastructure,
cultural convergence |
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| communication is direct and explicit |
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| communication is indirect and implicit; emphasize nonverbal messages and indirect communication; difficult to say now |
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| belief that one's own group or culture is uppieror of another |
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| detailed knowledge about a culture that inables a person to function effectively within it |
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| cultural adablitity (alter behavior), bridge the gap (between theory and pratice), build global mentality (personality test to show weaknesses and improve), flexibility is key. |
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Field experience,
language training,
sensitivity training,
cultural assimilation,
cultural orientation,
environmental briefings |
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| Likelihood that a society will undergo political changes that will negatively affect local business activity |
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Conflict and violence
terrorism and kidnapping
property seizure (natinalism, confiscation)
policy changes (as the result of ___ influences)
local content requirements |
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Definition
An organization primarily dedicated to world peace, world harmony. It was formed after the WWII amid the idealism and hopes that came with peace. It has not worked as perceived.
an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions. |
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