Term
| partion type: gypsum wallboard |
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Definition
*gypsum core between heavy paper or other materials and factory formed into standard sizes
*most common material used
*advantages include low install cost, quick and easy install, fire resistance & sound control capability, easy availability, ease of finishing, versatility, ease of installation of doors and other openings. |
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Term
| typical sizes of gyp wallboard |
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Definition
4'wide x 8',, 10', 12' and 14' high.
one manufacturer makes an 4-1/2' wide to reduce the number of joints in a 9' high room |
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Term
| thicknesses of gyp wallboard for particular applications |
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Definition
5/8" commercial
1/2" residential, or commercial furred walls
1/4" curved walls or applying new surfaces over old walls or ceilings 3/8" some double layer applications, or over other finished walls in renovations
* double layers are used to increase fire resistance or for extra sound control |
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Term
| edge treatments on wallboard |
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Definition
most common has tapered edges for applying reinforcing tape and joint compound
square edge panels are used where appearance is not a factor (such as in base layer of a two layer application, or for veneer plaster work) |
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Term
| other types of gypsum wallboards |
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Definition
* type X for fire rated
* foil backed for vapor barriers
* water resistant for use behind tile
* backing board for two layer applications
* pre-decorated with vinyl wallcovering
* recycled content |
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Term
| Gypsum Association Levels of Gypsum Board Finish |
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Definition
* used as a way to specify particular requirements where natural lights or finish may require it
0-requires no taping, finish, or accessories.
1-joints and interior angles have tape embedded in joint compound, surface is free of excess joint compound. used for plenums above ceilings and areas not open to view.
2-joints have been tape embedded in joint compound, another coat of compound is applied over joints, angles, fasteners, etc. used where water resistant backing board is a substrate for tile and other areas where appearance is not critical.
3-like level 2, except two coats of compound are used and the surface is free of tool marks and ridges. Used in areas where heavy grade wallcoverings will be used, or medium textured finishes.
4-similiar to level 3, but three coats of compound are used. used where light textures or wallcovering will be applied, or where economy is of concern. do not use gloss/semi-gloss/enamel on this level.
5-similiar to 4, except that joint compound is skimmed over entire surface. used where gloss/semi-gloss/enamel, or non textured flat paints are specified, or severe lighting conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2x4 or 2x6 most common for residential |
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Term
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Definition
| light gauge steel studs set in floor and ceiling runners (heavier guage available for high partitions or where other structural considerations are important) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1-5/8", 2-1/2", 3-5/8", 4" and 6" |
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Term
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Definition
| used for installing gyp board on ceilings, or to fur out from chases or masonry walls, or if additional room is needed for outlets or insulation, 7/8" deep |
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Term
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Definition
| used to improve the acoustical properties of a wall by isolating the wallboard from rigid attachment to the framing. insulation is then placed in the stud cavities to improve acoustical quality |
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Term
| depth of stud dependent on: |
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Definition
| height of partition, most commonly used is 2-1/2" which is sufficient for normal ceiling heights and slab to slab partitions, allows enough room for electrical boxes and small pipes |
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Term
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Definition
| 16" or 24" o.c., narrower spacing is used for residential and the wider is for commercial construction |
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Term
| fabricated edge types on wallboard for exposed edges |
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Definition
1. LC bead - requires finishing with joing compound, has a back flange so it has to be fitted over the wallboard before the wallboard is fastened to the substrate
2. L bead - edge trim without back flange, requires finishing with compound
3. LK bead - edge trim for use with various thicknesses of wallboard in a kerfed jamb (small slot cut in jamb), requires finishing with compound
4. U bead: edge trim where the metal edge is noticeable (sometimes called J metal), does not require finishing. |
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Term
| walls to deck & deflection of slab above |
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Definition
| fill the voids where the wall hits the metal deck, install a slip joint to allow for deflection of the slab above to avoid damage to the wall |
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Term
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Definition
| manufactured in North America from the byproduct of removing polluting gases from the power plant stacks to reduce emissions |
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Term
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Definition
cannot be reused once removed from a building, currently collection, separating and transportation cost is a disincentive to recycling - but wallboard can be recycled provided it is free of scres, nails, asbestos, and lead paint.
old wallboard can be cut into pieces smaller than 1/2" and worked into the ground as a soil additive, can be worked into the ground at a jobsite if the site ha adequate draining and aeration, and local regulations allow it |
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Term
| GRG - glass reinforced gypsum |
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Definition
reinforced with continuous-filament glass fibers or chopped glass fibers...also known as FRG (fiber-glass reinforced gypsum) and GFRG (glass-fiber-reinforced gypsum)
*used for decorative elements such as column covers, arches, coffered ceilings, ornate moldings, light troughs.
*premanufactured from molds, cost effective solutuion to what would otherwise be too expensive to produce on site with lath & plaster |
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Term
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Definition
a finish material made from gypsum, lime, water, and aggregates of sand, vermiculite, or perlite.
*vermiculite & perlite are used for lightweight fire resistant finish
*most interior construction uses gypsum plaster
*Keene's cement - high resistance to abrasion and water penetration, requires a base of portland cement |
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Term
| 2 types of plaster construction |
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Definition
1. traditional method using metal lath that is attached to wood or metal studs and serves as base for the plaster.
2. second method uses gypsum board lath, available in 16" x 48" applied horizontally, or 48" x 96".
one or two coats of thin veneer plaster are applied over the boards - reduces labor but retains the advantages of plaster. |
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Term
|
Definition
1. expanded diamond mesh
2. paper
3. backed diamond mesh
4. flat rib lath
5. high rib lath |
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Term
| plaster installation over metal lath |
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Definition
| first coat, scratch coat, is applied to the metal lath, firmly keying the plaster to the lath. scratch coat is followed by the brown coat, which levels the surface, which is then followed by the finish coat for final leveling and texturizing. |
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Term
| thicknesses of plaster coats over metal lath |
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Definition
scratch coat - 1/4" to 1/2"
brown coat - 1/4"
finish coat - 1/8" |
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Term
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Definition
| brick, concrete block, glass block, structural clay tile, terra-cotta, gypsum block. typically part of architect's scope of work. |
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Term
| nonloadbearing concrete block partitions specified for: |
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Definition
to provide a strong, durable, fire resistant partition (schools...)
must verify that the existing floor can carry the weight of in a renovation |
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Term
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Definition
hollow, size is based on a nominal 4", with the actual dimension being 3/8" less to allow for mortar joints.
*most common size is 8x8x16
*common nominal thicknesses are 4,6,8 and 12" |
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Term
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Definition
*nominal thickness of 4" and in face sizes of 6x6, 8x8, 12x12, and 4x8.
*laid in stack bond (with joints aligned) with mortar and horizontal and vertical reinforcement in the joints.
*expansion joints must be provided at all structural points
*cannot be loadbearing, so panels are limited to 250 sf in any dimension and supported both horizontally and vertically
*typically a frame overlaps the glass block at the head and jamb, can be set flush, but requires vertical reinforcement attached to the bottom and top framing members
*plan opening in even size, including expansion joints.
*structural engineer is necessary |
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Term
| demountable partition components |
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Definition
floor runners, ceiling runners, stud sections with clips to hold the panel, and prefinished gypsum wallboard panels.
*panels are typically covered with vwc.
*usually 24 or 30" wide to work with common building planning modules of 4 or 5'
*finished panel has small vertical joints between panels, and the top track is visible, standard base trim snaps on at the floor line
*all systems have door frames, glazing, bank rails, openings, some provide for hanging shelves and furniture components
*spikes at floor runner allow it to be placed directly over carpet without crushing the carpet
*slotted suspended ceiling grids should be used to allow the top track to be screwed in to the grid without damaging its appearance |
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Term
| progressive or nonprogressive partition systems |
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Definition
progresive - first panel must be placed before second, etc., and deconstructed in reverse order
nonprogressive - panels are independent, higher initial cost, but more flexible and potentially lower labor cost |
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Term
| 3 major components of a door system |
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Definition
1. the door itself
2. the frame
3. hardware |
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Term
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Definition
head, jamb, door leaf, sill or threshold
*the side where the hinge or pivot is installed is called the hinge jamb, and the jamb where the door closes is called the strike jamb, or strike side of the door |
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Term
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Definition
1. flush door (veneer face)
2. panel door (has top rail, stile, cross rail, panels, and bottom rail)...should not be used for rated doors |
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Term
| classifications of doors according to their method of operation |
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Definition
1.swinging - most common, attached to its frame with hinges or pivots, only acceptable type of egress door.
2. pocket sliding doors - hung on a top track, awkward to operate, can only be used where there is limited traffice
3. bypass sliding doors - hung from a top track, typically used only for closets
4. bi-fold doors - used for closets, allows full access
5. accordion folding doors - used to divide spaces or close very wide openings
6. flush wood doors - made of thin, flat veneers laminated to verious type of cores |
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Term
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Definition
1. hollow core doors - made of one or three plies of veneer on each side of a cellular interior. frame is made of solid wood with larger blocks where the latching hardware. used only where light use is expected and cost is a consideration - not fire resistive
2. solid core doors - cores may be particleboard, stave core (solid blocks of wood), or mineral core for fire rated doors. used for fire resistance, acoustical barriers, security, and superior durability. ratings include 20, 45, and 90 |
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Term
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Definition
widths; 24", 28", 30", 32" and 36"
heights: 6'-8", 7'
thicknesses: hollow core, 1-3/8", solid core, 1-3/4" |
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Term
| three most common types of metal doors |
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Definition
1. flush-single smooth surface on both sides
2. sash-contain one or more glass lights
3. louvered-have an opening with metal slats for ventilation
*for residential, panel metal doors are available for energy conservation, durability, and traditional appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| steel, stainless steel, aluminum, & bronze, or special order. |
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Term
| most common metal for doors, properties |
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Definition
steel, 16 guage
typically painted
filled with mineral wool for sound deadening
standard widths: 24,28,30,32,34,36,40,42,48
standard heights:6'8, 7',8'
standard thickness: 1-3/4
used almost exclusively for rated doors |
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Term
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Definition
*commonly used as stile and rail material for glass doors, or for aluminum or wood doors
*lightweight
*used in demountable partitions
*used for complex frame requirements
*available for 20 minute assembly |
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Term
| coordination of aluminum framing |
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Definition
*avoid contact with metals other than stainless steel or zinc with bituminous paint or non-metallic gaskets
*aluminum framing in demountable partitions allow of the use of gyp wall board panels |
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Term
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Definition
*generally constructed of 1/2" or 3/4" tempered glass
*common door size is 3'x7', but full height is often preferred
*all holes must be cut in the glass prior to tempering the glass
*there is special panic hardware for glass doors that may be required |
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Term
| glass door configurations |
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Definition
1. minimum - corner fittings for pivot hardware, or clamp on pivots and door pull
2. continuous bottom fitting - same as minimum, but bottom fitting is continuous to allow for a locking mechanism
3. continuous top and bottom fitting
4. hinge fittings and lever handle |
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Term
| hinge: knuckle/barrel/tip |
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Definition
consist of two leaves with an odd number of knuckles on one leaf, and an even number on the other.
knuckles are attached with a pin, forming the barrel of the hinge.
this is then finished with a tip, which can be decorative |
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Term
| typical tips for barrel hinges |
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Definition
*flat button (most common, and are furnished unless specified otherwise)
*hospital (sloped for easy cleaning and to prevent attachment of ropes, etc)
*oval head
*flush (concealed within barrel)
*ball tips
*steeple tips
*other decorative types |
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Term
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Definition
most common hinge type, also known as butt hinge
both leaves are fully mortised into the edge of the door so the hinge is flush with the surface of the frame and door |
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Term
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Definition
| used when there is not enough room for the barrel to extend bast the door trim - barrel is offset to allow one leaf to be mortised into the frame |
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Term
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Definition
| special shape hinge that allows the door to swing 90 or 95 degrees so the full opening of the doorway is available |
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Term
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Definition
1. low frequency doors (residential) use standard weight, plain bearing hinges
2. high frequency doors - heavy weight, ball bearing hinges
*ball bearing hinges are required for fire doors and doors with closers |
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Term
| number of hinges: door size |
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Definition
up to 60" - 1 pair (or two hinges)
60-90" - 1-1/2 pair (three hinges)
90-120" - 2 pair (four hinges) |
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Term
| most common types of locksets |
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Definition
1. cylindrical lock (bored lock)
simple to install in holes drilled in door, inexpensive, light or heavy duty, most common in residential
2. mortise lock
installed in rectangular cut out of door, more secure and offers more locking options
3. unit lock (preassembled lock)
rectangular, fits in a notch pre-cut in the door |
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Term
| pivots, alternative to hinges |
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Definition
| allows the door to swing 180 if req, may be center hung, allowing door to be swung in both directions, or offset. tall or heavy doors require offset hinge, requires a seal on the frame because it cannot be installed on the stop side, allowing for sound/light transmission |
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Term
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Definition
| required on fire doors, can be surface mounted on either side of the door or in the head frame, or concealed in the frame or door |
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Term
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Definition
| used for egress of large amount of people, push bars extend across the width of the door and have rods that disengage latches at the top and bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| protect adjacent surfaces from damage of opening doors when closer is not used |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical members used between double doors to seal the opening, act as a door stop, or provide extra security when the door is closed - may be attached to one leaf, or may be a separate unit. if they are exit doors and the astragal is attached, a coordinator is required so that they close in sequence |
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Term
| push plates and pull bars |
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Definition
| used to operate doors that do not require automatic latching |
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Term
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Definition
| devices that are mortised or surface applied to the bottom of the door to provide a sound or light seal - when the door is open, the seal is up, as the door is closed, a plunger strikes the jamb and pushes the seal down against the floor |
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Term
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Definition
| used along the edges of doors to provide tight seals against smoke, light, and sound. fire rated seals have been tested, and are used on the head and jamb sextions |
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Term
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Definition
| used for fire/smoke pressure doors - the gasket reacts to smoke and expands to form a tight seal, also requires the use of elastomeric gasketing to protect the gasket to 300 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
| used at floor material changes at door lines or for floor level changes |
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Term
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Definition
base metals: steel, stainless steel, bronze, brass, and aluminum
* fire rated doors must have steel or stainless steel hinges |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of installing glass in framing and the framing itself |
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Term
| float glass (anneal glass) |
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Definition
| standard type of glass used in common windows where additional strength or other properties are not needed |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by subjecting annealed glass to heat treatment, 4x stronger than annealed glass of same thickness, breaks into small pieces instead of shards, typical thickness for interiors is 1/4" |
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Term
| disadvantage of tempered glass |
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Definition
| must be ordered to the exact size requirement for final install - once it has been tempered, it cannot be cut, drilled, or deeply etched. tempering may also produce a slight distortion in the glass |
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Term
| disadvantage of tempered glass |
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Definition
| must be ordered to the exact size requirement for final install - once it has been tempered, it cannot be cut, drilled, or deeply etched. tempering may also produce a slight distortion in the glass |
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Term
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Definition
consists of two or more layers of glass bonded together with polyvinyl butyral. can be clear or tinted float glass, tempered glass, or heat strengthened glass.
used for high impact strength - it holds the two layers of glass together even if broken, qualifies as safety glazing, and can be cut in the field |
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Term
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Definition
has a mesh of wire embedded in the middle of the sheet - the surface can either be smooth or patterned.
cannot be tempered and does not qualify as safety glass |
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Term
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Definition
| molten glass is passed through rollers and the pattern is pressed onto the glass on one or both sides. |
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Term
| fire rated glazing (4 types) |
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Definition
1. clear ceramic - higher impact resistance than wire glass, low expansion coefficient, available in 1 hour up to 1296 sq.in., and with 3 hour up to 100 sq. in.
*not safety rated unless laminated, and then only up to 2 hours
2. tempered fire protective glass - maximum of 30 minutes, does meet impact safety standards
3. two or three layers of tempered glass with a clear polymer gel between them - clear until subjected to fire, gel turns to foam and retards the passage of heat. available in 30, 60, and 90 min,and is restricted on maximum size and framing
4. glass block - must be specifically tested for use in fire rated assembly |
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Term
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Definition
| uses an inorganic ceramic thin film coating on glass and can be manufactured to range from transparent to tinted - it is never opaque, so cannot be used for privacy glass. intended for control of light, solar heat, can be tinted in degrees with a rheostat switch |
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Term
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Definition
| light absorbing microscopic particles are dispersed within liquid suspension film which is sandwiched between two pieces of transparent conductive material, can range from clear to partially darkened to totally opaque. can be used as privacy, and can be controlled with a rheostat switch. |
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Term
| polymer dispersed liquid crystal film glazing |
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Definition
| polymer film is placed between two pieces of glass, ranges from transparent to cloudy white - cloudy white still lets alot of light through, so cannot be used for light control, but good for privacy. |
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Term
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Definition
| glazing beads are used to hold the glass in place |
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Term
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Definition
| glasses are set in frames at the top and bottom and butt joined together on the sides, gaps can be left open or filled with silicone sealant |
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Term
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Definition
| typically 1/2" or 3/4" thick with top and bottom rails and some type of door pull, set on pivots |
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Term
| 2 issues of glass regulated by codes |
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Definition
limitations of glass in fire rated assemblies and safety glazing
*typically glass sizes are allowed at a max of 25% of the wall unless special fire protective glas is used.
* safety glass typically required in doors, shower and bath enclosures, and certain locations in walls |
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Term
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Definition
one hour exit access cooridor = 20 minute door
one hour occupancy sep = 45 minute door
one hour exit stair enclosure = 60 minute door
2 hour exit stair = 90 minute door |
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Term
| rated door above 90 minutes and frames above 30 minutes require |
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Definition
| aluminum door frames for 45 minute assemblies |
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Term
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Definition
| doors in corridors and smoke barriors require this, and typically use approved gasketing along the frame |
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Term
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Definition
| residential - screwed directly to joists, commercial - applied to a suspended grid of framing members (steel channels hung 4' o.c. from structure above, metal furring channels are attached to the main runners at 24" o.c. and wallboard is screwed to them) |
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Term
| access panels in gyp wallboard ceiling |
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Definition
| prefabricated steel units with hinged doors that allow the wallboard to be framed into them, 24" square door is typically sufficient |
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Term
| types of suspended acoustical ceiling |
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Definition
most common is lay in type
lay-in tegular
concealed spline |
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Term
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Definition
| requires that there be no combustible material placed above the ceiling, low voltage typically is allowed if it is approved plenum-rated wiring |
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Term
| seismic restraints for suspended ceilings |
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Definition
1. light fixtures normally supported by the grid have to be supported by the structure
2. weight of ceiling system including lights & hvac less than or equal to 2.5 lb per sq. ft.
3. ceiling system cannot provide lateral support for partitions, they have to be supported by structure with wire
4. ceiling angles should provide at least a 7/8" ledge and at least a 3/8" clearance from the wall
5. perimeter main runners and cross runners must be prevented from spreading without relying on permanent attachment to ceiling angle
6. heavy seismic risk requires lateral bracing at 12' o.c. in both directions that is attached to structure above |
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Term
| lath and plaster ceilings |
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Definition
*Residential ceiling construction
Attach to wood or metal ceiling joist with nails or screws
Attach to an existing wall with mastic
Finish joints with special joint compound and tape
Allow to dry
Sand
Repeat 3 and 4 until desired smoothness is achieved
Add desired ceiling finish
*Commercial ceiling construction
Attach expanded metal or gypsum lath to suspended ceiling framework
Use same technique as for walls |
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Term
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Definition
*Suspended ceiling design to allow for ceiling elements to coordinate with each other
*For commercial use
*Designed for ceiling components to be compatible (flexible duct to hvac, lights easily moved, top tracks of partitions clip to grid)
*Provides easy access to ceiling components that require frequent change |
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Term
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Definition
used for its corrosion resistance, strenght, and appearance
*two most common types are 304 (chromium-nickel series) and 430 (staight chromium series) |
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Term
| standard forms of stainless steel |
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Definition
sheets, plates, strips, bars, pipes, and tubing.
*ornamental tubing should be specified for most ornamental interior applications |
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Term
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Definition
rolled finishes - least expensive
polished finishes - most common for architectural applications, produced by grinding, polishing, and sometimes buffing the metal, range from 7 to 3, with 7 being mirror like |
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Term
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Definition
dry method: blasts the material with abrasive grit or glass beads to wear away area
wet method: uses acid, requires special masking |
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Term
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Definition
3 groups of copper alloys:
pure copper, architectural bronze (or common brasses), nickel-silver and silicon bronze alloys |
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Term
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Definition
| an alloy of copper and tin |
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Term
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Definition
| an alloy of copper and zinc |
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Term
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Definition
sheet, plate, bar stock, tubing, and pipe.
can also be extruded or cast |
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Term
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Definition
| available in mechanical, chemical, and coated finishes |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical fasteners, adhesives, or by brazing or soldering |
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Term
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Definition
| a chart that lists in order the susceptibility of two metals next to each other, with moisture, causing corrosion |
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Term
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Definition
exposed wood construction assembled at the job site
includes doors, windows, trim, base, molding stairways, handrails |
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Term
| galvanic action prevention |
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Definition
| using the same or compatible metals and fasteners, or separate with isolaters made from teflon |
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Term
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Definition
| custom shop-fabricated millwork built of lumber, finished wood and other materials. |
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Term
| most important specification aspect of finish carpentry |
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Definition
grade of lumber
* for most species, B and better is the highest available grade and is excellent for natural or painted finishes, but is limited.
*C Select is more abundant and is suitable for painting and some natural finishes
*possible to specify vertical or flat grain, which is how it is cut from the tree |
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Term
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Definition
| cut so that annual growth rings are perpendicular to the face of the board, tend to warp less, and are more abrasion resistant, stain more uniformly |
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Term
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Definition
| include plywood, particleboard, mdf, and medium density overlay |
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Term
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Definition
| panel product made from an odd number of layers of thin veneer glued together under heat and pressure. ply is laid perpendicular to each other for strength. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
birch (paint grade)
fir
oak (stain grade) |
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Term
|
Definition
N - natural finish
A - smooth and paintable with a few knots, best grade commonly available
B
C
D - lowest grade, large unfilled knotholes |
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Term
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Definition
small wood particles mixed together with a binder and formed into a panel under pressure
4'x8' sheets
low, medium, and high density
commonly used as a substrate for natural and laminate veneers |
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Term
|
Definition
panel product made from wood particles reduced to fibers in a moderate pressure steam vessel and cominded with a resin
smooth, uniform and dense surface great for painting or veneering |
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Term
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Definition
trim used for decorative or functional purposes
also called standing and running trim
typically soft or hard wood, but can also be made of mdf or synthetic |
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