Term
4 Analogies
(Onion, glasses/contacts, Iceberg, fish in a bowl) |
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Definition
| different cultural lenses and roots in traditions, Various perspectives, more than meets the eye (depth to culture), restricted by our own ethnocentrism |
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Term
"How to peel a banana?"
Learning Goals |
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Definition
- We have automatic ways of doing things that we don't question & assume to be right.
- different ways to reach the same outcome.
- Things can be learned from diverse perspectives.
- Seeing contrasting ideas helps us recognize our own automatic assumptions.
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Term
"Meeting on the Congo"
Learning Objectives |
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Definition
- several different interpretations of events and issues based on people's perspectives, cultural lenses, experience & environments.
- Examining multiple perspectives helps better understand event or issue and any resulting conflicts
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Term
Intercultural Communication & Global Society |
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Definition
- about 75% of population in Asia Region
- World population increased significantly last 212 years
- global access to technology has changed world of communication
- Fresno is diverse in languages and culture
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Term
"British tea booming in China, birth place"
Learning Objectives |
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Definition
| illustrates very real power of communication (media) to influence culture and thus economics, and ultimately the lives of individuals - often in unforeseen ways. |
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Term
"Barnaga" Game
Learning Objectives |
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Definition
- expect others to "play" by the same "rules" or norms we do.
- When we notice a violation of the rules (or norms) tend to blame others, rather than ourselves.
- When we figure out that others are following different rules or norms, it's difficult to know how to bridge the differences.
- Often we recognize rules or norms are different, but we don't know how they are different.
- The degree of our reactions to violations of the rules or cultural norms is usually influenced by our expectations
- The more similar cultures are, the greater our shock when discover differences.
- Cultural friction increases when communication breaks down.
- Time, creativity, and effort spent in communicating effectively reduces cultural stress and friction.
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Term
Challenges of studying Communication
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Definition
Communication: sharing who we are and what we know, we share ideas and feelings based on our culture
New communication technologies: create new configuration sources, messages, and recievers; reinforce need to re-examine existing definitions |
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Term
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Definition
Process by which people use shared verbal/nonverbal codes, systems and media to exhcange information in a particular cultural context
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Term
The Components of Communication
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Definition
Source - Message - Channel - Reciever - Encoding - Decoding - Noise - Feedback
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Term
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Definition
Orgin of information, sender of the message |
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Term
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Definition
| Verbal and/or nonverbal form of the idea, thought or feeling one wishes to communicate |
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Term
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Definition
A means by which messages move from one person to another |
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Term
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Definition
Inteded target of the message |
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Term
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Definition
The process by which the source uses shared codes to convert concepts, thoughts and feeling into a message |
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Term
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Definition
The process by which the reciever converts the coded message back into meaning |
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Term
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Definition
All factors that interfere with information transfer |
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Term
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Definition
The response of the reciever after recieving the message |
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Term
Characteristics of Communication |
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Definition
- dynamic process
- interactive
- symbolic
- contextual
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Term
Debates over Defining Culture |
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Definition
- approx. 200 definitions of culture
- illustrates multifaceted nature
Study ranges from aspects associated with:
Arts - entire system of meanings and way of life of society |
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Term
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Definition
| Particular way of life of a group of people, compristing deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, traditions, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, worldviews, material objects and geopgraphic territiory |
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Term
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Definition
| views each culture as a unique entity only examined from within the social group (perspective of the subject) |
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Term
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Definition
| assumes that culture can be examined from outside that applies to all cultures (perspective of observer) |
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Term
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Definition
- History
- Identity
- Beliefs
- Values
- Worldview
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Term
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Definition
Deposit and carrier of cultural heritage |
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Term
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Definition
A sense of 'who we are' or 'who I am' |
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Term
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Definition
What a culture believes as true or false |
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Term
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Definition
| What a culture regards as good or bad |
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Term
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Definition
| What a culture believes about nature and the working of the universe |
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Term
Intermediate layer of Culture
(Activities as manifestation of Culture)
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Definition
| Cultural activities: expressed in technology material objects, roles, rules, rituals, customs, communication patterns and artistic expressions |
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Term
Outer Layer of Culture
(Institutions of culture) |
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Definition
Institutions: formalized systems including religion, economy, politics, family, healthcare, and education
- handles culture's survival accepted and often sanctioned by law
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Term
Characteristics of Culture |
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Definition
Holistic
Learned
Dynamic
Ethnocentric |
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Term
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Definition
| daily interactions, needs and desires that make up the everyday lives of the mainstream, including: practices pertaining to cooking, clothing, consumption, mass media, sports and literature |
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Term
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Definition
| Localized lifestyle of culture, usually handed down through oral tradition, relates to sense of community; often informs popular culture and even high culture |
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Term
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Definition
| categorization of cultures within dominatant cultures by different groups of people; categorized by activities, social class, gender, ethnicity, race, geographic region, occupation, organization,\ or even sexual orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| Frequently the basis of subculture, identifiable groups of people who are of common heritage and cultural traditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be the basis for a subculture, derived from a person's income, education, occupation, residential area and family background |
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Term
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Definition
| Employees hold beliefs, values and assumptions to organize their behavior and interpret their experience in the organization |
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Term
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Definition
| Geographic region is also a basis for categorizing people by regional differnces imply differences in; social attitudes, lifestyles, food preferences and communication |
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Term
Culture and Communication |
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Definition
| Verbal and nonverbal behaviors reflect our cultural imprints; loudness, pitch, turn taking and gestures vary considerable across cultures |
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Term
Cultural Beliefs and Values |
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Definition
| Culture reinforces beliefs and values reflected in our comunication behaviors. E.g a 'fair go' is an important value of Australian culture or in the US "That's not fair!" |
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Term
Communication and Culture |
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Definition
| mutually incluence one another, producing different behavioral patterns in different contexts; difficulties may arise when we try to share meaning with those who communication behaviors are governed by cultural rules different from our own |
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Term
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Definition
| Teaches us significant rules, rituals and procedures, such as our orientation towards time, tolerance of uncertainty, the way we dress and eat, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| Lens through which someone sees the world |
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Term
| Characteristics of Worldview |
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Definition
- Unseen - lies beneath the surface of customs
- is the WHY behind the actions
- Often unexamined by individuals and culture
- Learned, absorbed, processed from family, formal education, friends, culture, relgion, experiences, etc.
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Term
Philosophy of Worldview
(Leo Apostel) |
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Definition
- Model of the world & how it's structured
- Explanation: why the world is the way it is
- Futurology: Where are we going?
- Values: What is good & evil? Morality & ethics
- Action: How should we act?
- Knowledge: When we acquire knowledge, how do we know what is true?
- Building blocks- constructed from parts of various disciplines
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Term
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Definition
Theology
- Who is God?
- Does God exist?
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Term
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Definition
- Where does meaning come from?
- What gives life meaning?
- What gives people meaning?
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Term
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Definition
- How do you know something is true?
- What is right and wrong?
- How do you verify that something is true?
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Term
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Definition
- Where are you going?
- Where is humanity headed?
- Is future important or do you live for now?
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Term
| Why is Worldview Important? |
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Definition
- Like roots-whatever grows is from the roots
- many differences that we have across cultures are at their core, differences in worldview
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Term
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Definition
Verbal codes refer to spoken or written language, comprise of set of rules governing the use of words in creating meaning; different languages hae different rules for ordering words to creat meaning |
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Term
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Definition
- Phonology: Organization of sounds in a given language
- Morphology: the combination of basic units of meaning
- Semantics: study of meaning of words
- Syntax: the study of grammar and structural rules
- Pragmatics: the impact of language on human perception and behaviour
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Term
| Noam Chomsky's Universal Grammar |
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Definition
| argues that all human languages share a universal grammar that is innate in the human species and culturally invariant |
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Term
Constructivist
(Jean Piaget) |
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Definition
| Opposes Nativists' idea, suggest language acquisition involves learning patterns specific to individual languages and therefore requires active interactions with a structured environment |
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Term
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Definition
Linguistic determinism- way one thinks is determined by the language one speaks
Linguistic relativity- Linguistic characteristics and cultural norms influence each other. Language provides the conceptual categories that influence how its speaker's perceptions are encoded and stored |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to speech and writing but also to the system of signification |
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Term
Gudykunst and Ting-Toomey (1988)
Communication styles |
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Definition
- Direct/indirect
- elaborate/succint
- Personal/cotextual
- Instrumental/affective
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Term
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Definition
- quantity of talk
- elaborate involves rich, expressive and embellished language
- succinct style involves simple assertions and even silence is valued
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Term
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Definition
| Contact language used by people who do not share a common language, a mixture of 2 or more languages |
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Term
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Definition
| A new language developed from prolonged contact of two, or more, languages; the next generation learns it as their first language |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncertain, complex, dense, random, improbable |
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