Shared Flashcard Set

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Intercultural Communication
Final Review
123
Communication
Undergraduate 4
08/03/2011

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
In the staircase model, Jennifer would know that the ultimate level in I.C. that she would want to attain would be...
Definition
Unconscious Competent
Term
The purpose of the clothes exercise was to show that...
Definition
we cannot get dressed without I.C. taking place
Term
4 Criteria for Flexible Intercultural Communication
Definition

Appropriateness

Effectiveness

Communication Adaptability

Communication Creativity

 

Term
In the iceberg metaphor which level deals with "traditions, beliefs, and values?"
Definition
Deep-Level
Term
In the iceberg metaphor which level deals with, "symbols, meanings, and norms?"
Definition
Intermediate-Level Culture
Term
In the iceberg metaphor, which level deals with, "popular culture?"
Definition
Surface-Level Culture
Term
What is the bottom level of the iceberg metaphor?
Definition
Universal Human Needs
Term
In the exercise with the student handing Dr. B a pencil, a primary conclusion one can make from the initial episode is that...
Definition
One needs to know the rules of a culture about many social behaviors to discover if the behavior is a sign of respect, insult, or to be ignored.
Term
The primary metaphor of the class expalins that between the sender and the receiver ______ exists as a _____ which changes the message
Definition
Culture, Lens
Term
Four Value Orientation Patterns
Definition
Meaning, Destiny, Time, Space
Term
[image]
Definition
4 Value Orientation Patterns Chart
Term
Peter finds that his sister's children often contradict their parents  and teachers and almost always telling them what to do. What term fits this situation?
Definition
Small Power Distance
Term
Small Power Distance cultures tend to value...
Definition
equal power distributions, equal rights and relations, equitable rewards and punishments based on performance
Term
Large Power Distance cultures tend to accept...
Definition
unueqal power distributions, hierarchical rights, asymmetrical role relations, and rewards/punishments based on age, rank, status, title, and superiority
Term
Tim found overseas that his co-workers spend time talking about creating clear procedures and liking how people use comm. strategies exhibiting conflict-avoidance behaviors. What terms fits this situation?
Definition
Strong (high) uncertainty avoidance
Term
Weak (low) uncertainty avoidance cultures..
Definition

encourage risk taking and conflict-approaching modes

 

ex: in families, roles and behavioral  expectations are negotiated, greater tolerance of innovative ideas and behavior

Term
Strong (high) Uncertainty Avoidance cultures...
Definition

prefer clear procedures and conflict-avoidance behaviors

 

ex: familes roles are clearly established, greater resistance to deviant and innovative ideas

Term
The minority of the world (including the U.S.) lives in societies with this type of tendency as a cultural pattern
Definition
Individualism
Term
Individualism
Definition

cultural pattern found in most northern and western regions of Europe and in North America

 

values are: freedom, honesty, social recognition, comfort, personal equity

Term
Collectivism
Definition

Cultural pattern common in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Central and South America

 

values: harmony, face-saving, filial piety, equality in the distribution of rewards

Term
When Dr. B walked into class in Korea, his students stoop up and bowed to him, this situation can be labeled as a ________ value culture.
Definition
Large Power Distance
Term
Principle 1
Definition
Interculutral Communication often involves mismatched expectations that stem, in part, from cultural group membership differences
Term
Principle 2
Definition
Intercultural Communication often involves varying degrees of biased intergroup perceptions
Term
Principle 3
Definition
Intercultural Communication involves the simultaneous encoding and decoding of verbal and nonverbal messages in the exchange process
Term
Principle 4
Definition
Intercultural Communication involves multiple goals, and the goals people have are largely dependent on how they define the interaction episode
Term
Principle 5
Definition
Intercultural Communication calls for understanding and acceptance of diverse communication approaches and styles
Term
Principle 6
Definition
Many intercultural encounters involve well-meaning cultural bumps or clashes
Term
Cultural Bump
Definition
a cultural violation on the behavioral level when our meanings do not overlap with one another in viewing the same behavior; which creates communication awkwardnessor embarrassment
Term
Principle 7
Definition
Intercultural Communication always takes place in a context
Term
Principle 8
Definition
Intercultural Communication always takes place in embedded systems
Term
What are the 7 stages of the Revised W-Shaped Model?
Definition
Honeymoon, Hostility, Humorous, In-Sync, Ambivalence, Re-Entry Culture Shock, Resocialization
Term
Culture Shock
Definition
The stress and the feeling of disorientation you experience in a new culture
Term
Acculturation
Definition
Refers to the long-term conditioning process of newcomers arriving in a country only to start integrating the new values, norms, symbols of their new culture.
Term
Enculturation
Definition
Refers to the sustained, primary socialization process of strangers in their original home culture wherein they have internalized their primary cultural values
Term
Honeymoon Stage
Definition
Individuals are excited about their new cultural environment (initial phase)
Term
Hostility Stage
Definition
Sojourners experience major emotional upheavals. Serious culture shock stage, they feel incompetent, no self-esteem.
Term
Humorous Stage
Definition
Sojourners learn to laugh at their cultural faux pas and realize that there are pros and cons in each culture
Term
In-Sync Stage
Definition
Sojourners feel "at home" and experience identity security and inclusion, social acceptance and support.
Term
Ambivalance Stage
Definition
Sojourners experience grief, nostalgia and pride, with a mixed sense of relief and sorrow that they are going home
Term
Reentry Culture Shock Stage
Definition
Sojourners face an unexpected jolt b/c of the unanticipated nature of reentry shock. Sojourners feel depressed and stressed.
Term
Resocialization
Definition
Some individuals quietly assimilate themselves back to their old roles and behaviors
Term
If Mya were in the process of developing her ______ she would emphasize the importance of fitting in with relevant others and ingroup connectiveness.
Definition
interdependent construal of self
Term
Interdependent Construal of Self
Definition

Emphasis on fitting in with relevant others and ingroup connectedness.

 

People strive to fit in, act in a proper manner, value conformity, etc.

Term
Independent Construal of Self
Definition
View that an individual is a unique entity with an individualized repertoire of feelings, cognitions, and motivations.
Term
Horizontal Self-Construal
Definition
Individuals prefer informal-symmetrical interactions (equal treatment) regardelss of people's rank, status, age.
Term
Vertical Self-Construal
Definition
Individuals prefer formal-symmetrical interactions (differential treatment) in respect to people's position, titles, life experiences, age.
Term
A strong ethnic identity and a strong cultural identity is typical of a _____ identity
Definition
Bicultura
Term
In the Racial-Ethnic Development Model, the Pre-Encounter stage is...
Definition
the high cultural identity salience phase where ethnic minority group members' self-concepts are influenced by the values/norms of the larger culture
Term
In the Racial-Ethnic Development Model, the Encounter stage is...
Definition
the marginal identity phase in which new racial-ethnic realization is awakened in the individuals beause of a "racially shattering" event and minority group members ralize that they cannot be fully accepted as part of the "white world"
Term
In the Racial-Ethnic Development Model, the Immersion-Emersion stage is...
Definition
the strong racial-ethnic identity salience phase, in which individuals withdraw to the safe confines of their own racial-ethnic groups and become ethnically conscious
Term
In the Racial-Ethnic Development Model, the Internalization-Commitment stage is...
Definition
the phase in which individuals develop a secure racial-ethnic identity that is internally defined and at the same time are able to establish genuine interpersonal contacts with members of the dominant group and other multiracial groups
Term
System-Level Factors
Definition

Elements in the host environment that influence newcomers' adapation to the new culture.

 

Ex: host culture is economically sound, members appear more tolerant and hospitable toward strangers, but when conditions are poor, strangers become scapeoats

Term
Individual-Level Factors
Definition
For immigrants, the permanent residence status evokes a mixture of affective and work-related stressors.
Term
Cultural Identity
Definition

The emotional significance that we attach to our sense of belonging or affiliation with the larger culture

 

 

Term
Ethnic Identity
Definition
Inherently a matter of ancestry, of beliefs about the origins of one's forebears. Ethnicity can be based on national origin, race, religion, or language.
Term
Individualistic Relationship Orientations
Definition

I-Identity Relationship Expectations

Couple's Privacy and Autonomy Needs

Voluntary Personal Commitment

Low-Context Emotional Expressions

Unique Relational Culture

Term
Collectivistic Relationship Orientations
Definition

Ingroup Relationship Pressures

Ingroup's Connection and Concerns

Family and Social Reactions

High-Context Emotional Expressions

Conventional Relational Culture

Term
The 4 Identity Forms in which many bicultural/biracial children find themselves are:
Definition

Majority-Group Identifiers

Minority-Group Identifiers

Synthesizers

Disaffiliates

Term
In the visual metaphor of the overlapping double normal curves, Dr. B was trying to illustrate...
Definition
why it is easier to communicate with someone at your level between cultures than someone at the other end of the spectrum in your own culture
Term
The basic principles of respect from the Dalai Lama relate well to...
Definition
Ting-Toomey and Chung's basic Principles of Intercultural Communication
Term
To illustrate the way bi-racial children -all 3 being the same race- experience different communication influences, Dr. B expaliend how their parents noted how...
Definition
students reacted to the way the kids' facial features created a classification system
Term
What language rule fits the best with intercultural commuication according to Dr. B?
Definition
Pragmatic
Term
5 Language Rules
Definition

Phonological Rules

Morphological Rules

Syntactic Rules

Semantic Rules

Pragmatic Rules

 

Term
Phonological Rules
Definition
Refers to the different accepted procedures for combining phonemes (basic units of words).
Term
Morphological Rules
Definition
Refers to how combinations of different sounds make up a meaningful word or part of a word (ex: new and com-er make new-com-er).
Term

Syntactic Rules

 

Definition
Refers to how words are sequenced together in accordance with the grammatical practices of the linguistic community.
Term
Semantic Rules
Definition
Concerns the features of meaning we attack to words. (ex: pretty has a feature of female and handsome has a feature of male).
Term
Pragmatic Rules
Definition
Refers to the contextual rules that govern language usage in a particular culture. Concerns the rules of how to say what to whom and under what situations (situations).
Term
Social Reality Function
Definition
Language acts as a gatekeeper in naming and selecting what is considered "news" or "real"in our social environment
Term

Group Identity Function

 

Definition
Language represents a rallying point for evoking group sentiment and shared identity. Language serves the larger cultural-ethnic identity function b/c it's an emblem of group solidarity. (Ex: aloha)
Term
Social Change Function
Definition
Language can set us free if we are willing to mindfully chane our language habits and preconceived biased notions about about different identity groups.
Term
The major challenge from a communication perspective about nonverbal communication is the principle that nonverbal communication is often _______.
Definition
Indeterminate
Term
LaRusso's categories of nonverbal communication
Definition
Time, Space, Action, Material, Form
Term
Monochronic-Time Schedule
Definition
People in MT cultures pay close attention to clock time and do one thing at a time. Schedule is given top priority.
Term
Polychronic-Time Schedule
Definition
People in PT cultures pay attention to relation time (involvement with people) and place more emphasis on completing human transactions than on holding to schedules.
Term
Informal Verbal Style
Definition
Emphasizes the importance of informality, casualness, and role suspension in verbal communication.
Term
Formal Verbal Style
Definition
Emphasizes the importance of upholding status-based and role-based interaction that reflects formality and large power distance
Term
Low-Context Communication (LCC)
Definition
Emphasis on how intention or meaning is best expressed through explicit verbal messages. Direct verbal mode, speaker is responsible.
Term
High Context Communication (HCC)
Definition
Emphasis on how intention or meaning can be best conveyed through the context and nonverbal channels. Indirect verbal mode, receiver responsible.
Term
The exercise with the word, "UP" was designed to demonstrate the challenge of...
Definition
how we learn many of the definitions informally via context
Term
Worldviews
Definition
Refer to our larger philosophical outlook or ways or perceiving the world and how this outlook or ways of perceiving the world and how this outlook affects our thinking and reasoning patterns
Term
Linear Worldview
Definition
Emphasizes rational thinking that is based on an objective reality. Emphasizes either facts and figures or models and theories by using inductive and deductive reasoning.
Term
Inductive Reasoning
Definition
Refers to the importance of facts and evidence to make a claim.
Term
Deductive Reasoning
Definition
Refers to the primary of conceptual models and theories and then a move to specific points of implications.
Term
Relational Worldview
Definition
Reflects a holistic reasoning pattern.
Term
Since the Hopi language does not have a past-present-future grammatical system, they speak in terms of events. This linking of one's worldview, grammatical structure of language, and patterns together is called the ________ hypothesis.
Definition
Sapir-Whorf
Term
High-Contact Cultures
Definition
Look each other in the eye directly, face each other, touch and/or kiss each other, speak in loud voices
Term
Low-Contact Cultures
Definition
Engage in little if any touching, preferring indirect eye gazes and speaking in a lower tone.
Term
The textbook noted how the markets have changed b/c of the pervasiveness of the internet, especially in the areas of ______ and _______ as cultural comm. has changed the world
Definition
Electronic Gadgets and fashion
Term
One of the challenges presented as a dialectical challenge as part of one's identity often provides an advantage to those who can have a ________ focus.
Definition
Multitrack
Term
Monotrack Focus
Definition
working on one project at a time
Term
Multitrack Focus
Definition

Tending to multiple e.net tasts or activities

 

Term
The internet has changed communication patterns among many entities in various countries. The restult of this change in the market place means that...
Definition
Local consumers have options from around the world, People adapt fashions from other cultures, Messages on websites of global companies need to consider the intercultural implications of many aspects
Term
The text shows pictures of the Ganguro girls of Japan. These women are unusual b/c of their fashion statements expressed by...
Definition
black faces and dyed hair of brown and gold
Term
A major contrast was made between what two modes of expressing opposites
Definition
Dialectics and Ying/Yang
Term
Dialectical Tensions
Definition
conflicts that come from two opposing forces that exist at the same time
Term
To understand the increasing size of cultural influences, Dr. B starts with family neighborhood. The next level of analysis is __________.
Definition
Community
Term
Ting-Toomey and Chung argue that E.Neter's have a local self and a _____ self.
Definition
global
Term
Dialectical conflicts are defined as conflicts that come from __________ ________ forces that exist at the ______ time.
Definition
two opposing, same
Term
The 3 dialectical challenges that the authors propose we learn about the E'net identity are all of the following dialectics but
Definition
Layered Zone
Term
The 3 dialectical challenges are
Definition

Spatial Zone

Temporal Zone

Identity Zone

Term
Major influences on the development of global identities include ______ b/c of shows such as Sesame St. and _______
Definition
Television, MTV
Term
Americans have been exposed to many of the cultural characters and scenes from ______ b/c of the many games and videos and other electronic devices.
Definition
Japan
Term
Dr. B has observed that one of the many challenges we will face w/ electronic communication is the loss of ______ b/c of the inherent recordin and storage of so much of the electronic comm.
Definition
privacy
Term
What terms reflect the e-characteristics of as the authors believethey relate to communication
Definition

electronic, emoticon, exclusive, exploring, ethnic identity, entertainment, economy

(NOT elegance)

Term
Dr. B noted how ch. 12 with its emphasis on on how electronic comm has changed the world reflects the theme of Thomas Friedman's book, _________
Definition
Keeping up with Change
Term
The TV shows Iron Chef, Survivor, Big Brother, and Trading Spaces were used to illustrate
Definition
Influence from foreign countries on US TV  (reverse flow of globalization)
Term
We are urged to take a path from _______ to ______ as a way to approach intercultural ethics
Definition
Ethnocentrism to Ethnorelativism
Term
"In Rome do as the Romans do" is an example of
Definition
Ethical Relativism
Term
The terms, "justices, rights, duties, virtues, ideals, and consequences" support what type of ethics
Definition
meta-ethics
Term
"...to hold true to the standards of ethics that America business follows as they are universal" is an example of what type of ethics
Definition
Ethical Absolutism
Term
A key word in the section on effective Cultural Communication in Ting-Toomey and Chung's textbook is
Definition
Flexible
Term
Many scenes in the movie, Crash, reflected communication patterns based on _________ of a particular group
Definition
Stereotypes
Term
The study discussed about the elementary students in L.A. demonstrated how...
Definition
eye contact was interpreted by white teachers as lying when mothers were teaching their children how that behavior was respectful
Term
Painting swastikas on a synogogue wall is an example of
Definition
a hate crime
Term
When lecturing on Mason's Early Identification program, Natalie made the distinction between discrimination as _______ and prejudice as a _______ activity of creating negative categories for a group.
Definition
an action --- mental
Term
During negotations one should consider three strategies  for negotiating scarce resources
Definition

Differentiation

Expansion

Compensation

Term

 3 behaviors to achieve the goal of mindful listening are

 

Definition

paraphrasing

perception-checking

nonverbally nodding of the head

Term
If selected by the Department of Interior to negotiate with tribal leaders of the Warm Springs reservation, these individuals would exhibit...
Definition
Verbal restraint and self-discipline  in emotional expressions
Term
If negotiating with a church that owns land to set up a factory, an individual would plan her communication on the expectation that the African-Americans' negotation traits would be....
Definition
emotionally engaged and high keyed
Term
Ting means
Definition
attending mindfully with one's eyes, ears, and a focused heart
Term
the 5 conflict styles are
Definition

Dominating Style

Avoiding Style

Obliging/Accomodating Style

Compromising Style

Integrating/Collaborative Style

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