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Interaction Between Cells and Extracellular Environment
Chapter 6
14
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
09/25/2014

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Term
Extracellular Environment
Definition
  • Includes all constituents of the body located outside of the cells.

 

Term
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
Definition

Body Fluids


  • Water contet of body devided into 2 compartment
  1. 67% of total body is contained within cells, in the Intracellular Compartment.
  2. 33% of totalt body  is found in the Extracellular Compartment
  • 20% is contained within vessels of cardiovascular system, where it constitutes the fluid portion of the blood, or Blood Plasma.
  • Remaining 80% is located outside the vascular system, and makes up the Tissue fluid, also called Interstitial Fluid. Fluid is contained in the gel-like extracellular matrix.
Term
Tissue fluid
Definition
  • 80% is located outside the vascular system, and makes up the Interstitial Fluid (AKA Tissue Fluid). Fluid is contained in the gel-like extracellular matrix.
Term
Blood Plasma
Definition
20% is contained within vessels of cardiovascular system, where it constitutes the fluid portion of the blood
Term
Intracellular Compartment
Definition
67% of total body water is contained
Term
Extracellular Compartment
Definition
33% of total body water.
Term

Extracellular Matrix

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Definition
  • Cells that compose organs in our body are embedded within extracellular material of connective tissues.

 

Term
Extracellular Matrix
Definition

 

Consists of Protein Fibers

    • Collagen and elastin
    • Meshwork of Collagen and elastin fibers linked to molecules of gel-like ground substance (Interstitial) and to plasma membrane integrins.
    •   Provide structural strength to the connective tissue.

 

Term
Interstitial Fluid (AKA Tissue Fluid)
Definition
  • Also gives Shape to cells
  • Resides in hydrated gel of ground substance
Term
Integrins
Definition
  • A Class of glycoproteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within a cell, through its plasma membrane, and into the extracellular matrix
  • Act as adhesion molecules, physically joining intracellular to the extracellular compartments.
  • Integrate by relaying signals to each other
  • Interaction creates a polarity
  • affect cell adhesion in a tissue and the ability of certain cells to be motile. 
Term
MMPs
Definition
Me-ta-llo-pro-tein-a-ses (MMPs)
Term
Metalloproteinases (MMPs)
Definition
  • Enzymes that can Break down extracellular matrix proteins
  • Need for zinc cofactor
  • Needed for tissue remodeling
  • Secreted inactive
  • Can contribute to disease processes if produced or activated inappropriately.
  • Cancer cells produce active MMPs, that will break down collagen of basal lamina and allow cancerous cells to migrate
Term
Categories of Transport Across the Plasma Membrane
Definition
  • Extracellular Fluid passes plasma membrane, blood plasma or derived from blood plasma.
  • Cell memebrane seperates intracellular and extracellular compartments
  • Molecules that come from the blood into interstitial fluid will eventually come into contact with the plasma membrane.
  • Some Molecules can Penetrate (Permeate) the membrane, others may not. Also selective Ions. 
  • Cell will be labeled Selectively Permeable
Term
Selectively Permeable
Definition
Only certain kinds of Intracellular molecules can penetrate, or permeate, the plasma membrane and some cannot
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