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| Alfred Binet and Theophile Simon |
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Definition
those who came up with aptitude test for learning independent of the child's prior education achievement
-Suggest that teachers could use the test to estimate a child's mental level, using the average score method. |
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| who thought that mental level should be considered as mental age. |
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| who formalized intelligence quotient, or ratio IQ |
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| who test immigrants'intelligence at Ellis Island |
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| (mental age/physical age)*100 |
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Definition
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| (individual score/average score of people in same age group)*100 |
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| Standford-Binet (modified by Lewis Terman and his colleagues at Stanford Uni) |
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Definition
| The most wildly used intelligence tests |
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| hypothetical properties presumed underlying abilities that explains both responses to test items and performance on intelligence-requiring tasks Ch consequential behaviors. |
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Definition
| how an intelligence test is built |
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| who conclude that a two-factor theory was appropriate for describing the nature of intellectual performance |
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| a statistical technique that explains a large number of correlations in terms of a small number of underlying factors |
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| two-factor theory of intelligence |
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Definition
| Spearman's theory suggesting that every task requires a combination of a general ability (which he called g) and skills that are specific to the task (which he called s) |
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Definition
| who argued that there were a few stable and independent mental abilities such as perceptual ability, verbal ability, and numerical ability, which he called the primary mental abilities. |
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| general intelligence (g)at the top, specific abilities (s) at the bottom, and a small number of middle-level abilities (m), sometimes called group factors, in the middle |
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Definition
| three level of hierarchy of intelligence |
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Definition
| starting with the data collected and then looking to see what kinds of independent clusters these responses form. |
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Term
| bottom-up approach -> fluid intelligence |
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Definition
| the ability yo process information |
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Term
| bottom-up approach -> crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| the accuracy and amount of information available for processing |
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Definition
| starting with a broad survey of human abilities and then looking to see which of these abilities intelligence tests measure |
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| who thinks that there are 3 kinds of intelligence: analytical intelligence creative intelligence and practical intelligence. |
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| linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and naturalistic. |
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Definition
| top-down approach -> eight characteristics suggested by Howard Gardner |
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Term
| memory and learning, visual perception, auditory perception, retrieval ability, cognitive speediness, processing speed, crystallized intelligence, and fluid intelligence |
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Definition
| bottom-up approach -> eight characteristics suggested by Carroll |
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Definition
| the ability to identify and define problems and to find strategies to solve them. |
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Definition
| the ability to generate solutions that other people do not |
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| the ability to apply and implement these solutions in everyday settings. |
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| a person of normal intelligence who has an extraordinary ability |
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| a person of low intelligence who has an extraordinary ability |
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| a hypothetical mental ability that enables people to direct their thinking, adapt to their circumstances, and learn from their experiences. |
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| identical twins (mono-zygotic twins) |
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Definition
| twins who develop fom the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm |
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| fraternal twins (dizygotic twins) |
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Definition
| twins who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperm |
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Definition
estimates the percent of difference between intelligence scores of different people that is due to genes
-can change depending on the group of people measured |
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| who studied the physical and psychological traits that appeared to run in families. |
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| IQ correlation between monozygotic twins raised together |
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| IQ correlation between dizygotic twins raised together |
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| those environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household |
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Definition
| those environmental factors that are not shared by all relevant members of a household |
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