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| it insulates and cushions the underlying body tissues and protects the entire body from mechanical damage (bumps and cuts), chemical damage (acids, alkalis, and the like), thermal damage (heat) and bacterial invasion |
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| ocassionally spiky hemispheres that, in conjuction with sensory nerve endings, located at the epidermal-dermal junction |
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| Epidermal Dendritic Cells |
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Definition
| also called "Langerhans Cells" these cells play a role in immunity |
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| provides a protective pigment umbrella over the nuclei of the cells in the deeper epidermal layers, thus shielding their genetic material (DNA) from the damagaing effects of ultraviolet radiation |
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| black cells that produce the brown to black pigments called melanin, the skin tans because melanin production increases when the skin is exposed to sunlight |
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| a fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its durability and protective capabilities |
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| the most abundant epidermal cell, they function mainly to produce keratin fibrils and are tightly connected to each other by desmosomes |
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| (superficial fascia) primary adipose tissue, which is not considered part of the skin immediatley deep to the dermis |
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| a single row of cells immediatley adjacent to the dermis, it's cells are constantly undergoing mitotic cell division to produce millions of new cells daily hence its alternate name stratum germinativum |
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| a stratum consisting of several cell layers immediately superficial ot the basal layer, it's cells contain thick weblikde bundles of intermediate filaments made up of a pre-keratin protein |
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| a thin layer named for the abundant granules its cells contain, these granules are of two types: (1) lamellated granules, which contain a waterproofing glycolipid that is secreted into the extracellular space; and (2) keratohyaline granules, which combine with the intermediate filaments in the more superficial layers to form the keratin fibrils, at the upper border of this layer, the cells are beggining to die |
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Definition
| a very thin translucent band of flattened dead keranocytes with indistinct boundaries, it is not present in regions of thin skin |
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Definition
| the outermost epidermal layer consists of some 20 to 30 cell layers, and accounts for the bulk of the epidermal thickness, cells in this layer are dead, and their flattened scale-like remnants are fully keratinized, they are constantly rubbing off and being replaced by divisions of deeper cells |
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| the mosre superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue, it is very uneven and has fingerlike projections from its superior surface |
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| the deepest skin layer, it is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contains many arteries and veins, sweat and sebaceous gland, and pressure receptors |
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Term
| Bedsores (Decubitus Ulcers) |
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Definition
| occur in bedritten patients who are not turned regularly enough, the weight of the body exerts pressure on the skin, especially over bony projections, which leads to restiction of the blood supply and tissue death |
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| the tissues become yellowed, is almost always diagnostic for liver disease |
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| bronzing of the skin hints that a person's adrenal cortex is hypoactive |
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| the visible attached portion |
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| the portion of the nail that grows out away from the body |
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| the part that is embedded in the skin and adheres to an epithelial nail bed |
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| thin folds that overlap the borders of the nail |
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| the thick proximal nail fold commonly called the cuticle |
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| extension of the stratum basale beneath the nail |
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| the thickened proximal part of the nail bed containing germinal cells responsible for nail growth |
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| the proximal region of the thickened nail matrix, which appears as a white crescent |
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| structure consisting of a medulla, a central region surrounded first by the cortex and then by a protective cuticle |
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| the portion of the hair enclosed within the follicle |
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| portion of the hair projecting from the scalp surface |
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| a collection of well nourished germinal epithelial cells at the basal end of the follicle |
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| a structure formed from both epidermal and dermal cells, its inner epithelial root sheath, with two parts (internal and external), is enclosed by a thickened basement membrane, the glassy membrane, and a connective tissue root sheath, which is essentially dermal tissue |
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Definition
| a small nipple of dermal tissue that protrudes into the hair bulb from the connective tissue sheath and provides nutrition to the growing hair |
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Definition
| small bands of smooth muscle cells connect each hair follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis, when these muscles contract, the slanted hair follicle is pulled upright, dimpling the skin surface with goosebumbs |
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