Term
| List of Components of Integumentary System |
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Definition
| Hair, Skin, Nails, and Cutaneous Glands |
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Term
| Which 'dermis' is not a true layer of the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare and Contrast Thin vs Thick Skin |
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Definition
Thick Skin-thick stratum corneum, no hair or sebaceaous glands, has sweat glands, has stratum lucidum, palms and soles
Thin skin-thin stratum corneum, hair, sweat and sebaceous glands, no stratum lucidum, covers most of body |
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Term
| What tissue is epidermis composed of? |
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Definition
| keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, very few touch/pain nerves |
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Term
| List 5 layers of the epidermis of thick skin, superficial to deep. |
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Definition
| Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum, spinosum, stratum basale. (Can Lucy Give Some Blood?) |
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Term
| What layer of the epidermis is not included in thin skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of a karatinocyte? |
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Definition
| synthesize keratin, undergo mitosis, phagocytize melanin(which shield DNA from UV rays) |
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Term
| What is the function of melanocytes? |
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Definition
| Synthesize pigment melanin and responsible for differences in skin color |
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Term
| What is the function of dendritic cells? |
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Definition
| These are macrophages (engulfer cells) immune cells produced in bone marrow that migrate to epidermis to protect against pathogens and alert immune system |
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Term
| What is the function of a fibroblast? |
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Definition
| a cell that produces fibers within extracellular matrix |
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Term
| Layer responsible for waterproofing skin. |
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Definition
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Term
| describe dermal layer and what it is made of |
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Definition
layer of connective tissue beneath epidermis
Composition:
mostly fibrous CT - collagen, some elastic & reticular fibers
Various cells of fibrous CT
Blood vessels & nerves
Sweat & sebaceous glands
Hair follicles & nail roots
Papillary layer=loose areolar
Reticular layer=dense irregular |
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Term
| define dermal papillae, name their purpose. |
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Definition
upward finger-like extensions of dermis
Makes boundary between dermis/epidermis look wavy
Interlocks two layers – prevents slippage
Creates friction ridges on palms/feet (finger prints) |
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Term
| describe hypodermis and name its purpose |
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Definition
layer of connective tissue beneath the skin
Also called subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia
Composition
Areolar tissue
Adipose tissue (subcutaneous fat)
Highly vascular
Function
Binds skin to underlying tissues
Pads body (fat)
Energy reserve (fat)
Insulation (fat) |
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Term
| Name skin structure made of epithelial tissue. |
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Definition
| epidermis, sweat glands, sebaceous glands. |
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Term
| name skin structures made of connective tissue |
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Definition
| dermis, hair follicle sheath |
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Term
| name skin structure made of muscle tissue |
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Definition
| arrector pili or piloerector muscle |
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Term
| name a skin structure made of nervous tissue |
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Definition
| root hair plexus, merkel cells, pacinian corpuscle, pain cells, touch cells |
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Term
| name 3 pigments that give skin it's color |
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Definition
| hemoglobin (red), carotene (yellow), melanin (brown) |
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Term
| skin blueness due to O2 deficiency |
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Definition
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Term
| skin paleness due to anemia, low BP, circulatory shock, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| redness due to blood pooling, blushing/anger, sunburn |
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Definition
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Term
| bruise due to clotted blood beneath the skin |
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Definition
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Term
| skin yellowing due to high levels of bilirubin |
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Definition
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Term
| skin golden brown color due to Addison disease |
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Definition
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Term
| skin white hair, pink eyes due to lack of melanin |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe 4 functions of the skin |
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Definition
| protective barrier (to water, pathogens, UV rays), Vitamin D synthesis, Sensory functions (touch/texture/pressure/vibration, heat/cold, pain), thermoregulation (contains thermosreceptors to monitor respond to temp changes) |
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Term
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Definition
| slender filament of dead, keratinized cells |
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Term
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Definition
| slanted tube in skin from which hair grows |
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Term
| List three layers of hair from superficial to deep |
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Definition
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Term
| list three zones of hair from superficial to deep |
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Definition
| shaft, root (beneath skin), bulb |
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Term
| explain how hair gets texture, explain each type |
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Definition
| texture result of shape of hair shaft; straight hair = round shaft, curly = oval shaft, kinky = flat shaft |
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Term
| explain how hair gets its color, list pigments for each type |
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Definition
| pigment granules deposit in cortex cells; brown/black due to eumelanin, blonde due to pheomelanin, red due to some eumelanin and a lot of pheomelanin |
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Term
| explain function of body hair |
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Definition
| senses something crawling, used to provide warmth |
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Term
| explain function of scalp hair |
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Definition
| retain heat, protect from sunburn |
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Term
| explain function of eyelashes and eyebrows |
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Definition
| nonverbal communication and keeps sweat and debris out of eye |
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Term
| explain function of guard hairs (vibrissae) |
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Definition
lines nostrils, ears, eyes
protects from foreign particles |
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Term
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Definition
| clear hard derivative of stratum corneum (packed, dead, scale-like cells filed with parallel fibers of hard keratin) |
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Term
| describe how nails can be used in diagnosis: flat/concave nails |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| malnutrition or metabolic disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| hypoxemia (O2 deficiency) |
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Term
| dark longitudinal streak in nail |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cell or organ that produces and secretes substance |
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Term
| what is the difference between endocrine and exocrine gland |
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Definition
| endocrine secretes into bloodstream, exocrine secretes anywhere else |
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Term
| name 3 ways that glands are classified |
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Definition
| by structure, method of excretion, and type of secretion |
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Term
| describe tubular gland structure |
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Definition
exocrine gland where duct & secretory portion have the same diameter
Sweat gland |
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Term
| describe acinar gland structure |
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Definition
gland with a sac-like secretory portion
Salivary, pancreas |
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Term
| describe structure of tubuloacinar gland |
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Definition
secretory cells in
the duct and sac as well |
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Term
| describe structure of simple gland |
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Definition
gland with an un-branched duct
ex. sweat |
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Term
| describe structure of compound gland |
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Definition
gland with a branched duct
ex. Mammary gland |
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Term
| describe secretion produced by serous glands |
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Definition
| produces thin, watery fluids like sweat, milk, and tears |
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Term
| describe secretion produced by mucous gland |
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Definition
| produces thick fluids, ex. mucus |
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Term
| describe the secretion produced by a cytogenic gland |
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Definition
| produce & secrete cells, ex. testes (sperm) & ovaries (egg) |
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Term
| describe how a merocrine gland secretes |
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Definition
| release substance via exocytosis |
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Term
| describe how a holocrine gland secretes |
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Definition
| release substances as cells disintegrate |
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Term
| describe how an apocrine gland secretes |
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Definition
| release substance via exocytosis but secretion containing parts of cell membrane |
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Term
| Name 4 glands specific to skin and what they secrete |
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Definition
| sudoriferous (sweat), sebaceous gland (oil), ceruminous gland(wax), mammary gland(milk) |
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Term
| distinguish between two types of sweat glands |
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Definition
| merocrine sweat glands (watery sweat to cool body), apocrine sweat gland (milky, smelly sweat) |
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Term
| distinguish between healing types: regeneration and fibrosis |
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Definition
regeneration: damaged cells replaced by same type & normal function restored (liver and minor skin wounds)
fibrosis: damaged tissue replaced by scar tissue & normal function not restored-just hold organs together |
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Term
| describe 4 steps of fibrosis |
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Definition
| 1)damaged vessel bleeds, histamine released via damaged cell, vessels dilate and increase blood flow 2)clot forms-knits wound and prevents infection-scab forms, macrophages clean up tissue debris thru phagocytosis, 3)Fibroblastic Phase-begins 3-4 days & lasts 2 weeks, new capillaries grow, fibroblasts of CT deposit new collagen fibers (knit wound together) called granulation tissue, macrophages remove clot, 4)Remodeling phase-begins within weeks & lasts up to 2 years, surface epithelium multiply and regenerate, deeper CT undergoes fibrosis-scars, scab falls off, capillaries withdraw |
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