Term
| 3 accessory structures of the integumentary system |
|
Definition
1.hair
2.nails
3.skin glands |
|
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Term
| the skin; the largest and most important organ in the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| __________ cover and protect the body surface, line body cavities, and cover the inner surfaces of the hollow organs such as the digestive, reproductive, and respiratory passageways |
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Definition
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|
Term
| body membranes are either: |
|
Definition
1. epithelial
2. connective |
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Term
| membrane composed of epithelial tissue with an underlying layer of specialized connective tissues |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| one of the two major types of of body membranes; composed exclusively of various types of connective tissue |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| three types of epithelial membranes |
|
Definition
1. cutaneous
2. serous
3. mucous |
|
|
Term
| primary organ of the integumentary system; the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| composes 16% of body weight |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a two0layered epithelial membrane that lines body cavities and covers surfaces of organs; simple squamous epithelial |
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Definition
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Term
| the connective tissue layer of the serous membrane that holds and supports the epithelial cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| name of the ______ membrane is determined by its location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two types of serous membranes |
|
Definition
1. parietal portion
2. visceral portion |
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Term
| serous membrane that lines the walls of a body cavity |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| serous membrane that covers the surface of organs found in the body cavity |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the serous membrane in the thoracic cavity |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| secrete a thin watery fluid that helps reduce friction and serves as a lubricant when organs rub against one another and against the walls of the cavities that contain them |
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Definition
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|
Term
| inflammation of the pleura; very painful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity; sometimes a serious complication of an infected appendix |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| epithelial membranes that line the body surfaces opening directly to the exterior and secrete a thick, slippery material called mucus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| difference between mucous and serous membranes: |
|
Definition
| location: if the membrane is exposed to the environment in any way, it is a mucous membrane |
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|
Term
| thick, slippery material that is secreted by the mucous membrane and keeps the membrane moist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the transitional area where the skin and mucous membrane meet; serves as a point of "fusion"; lack accessory organs such as hair/sweat glands that characterize skin; i.e. eyelids, nasal opening, vulva, anus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ________________ tissue membranes do NOT contain epithelial components |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints; smooth and slick and secrete synovial fluid |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the thick, colorless lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ membrane helps reduce friction between the opposing surfaces of bones in movable joints |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| small, cushion like sacs found between moving body parts, making movement easier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oil producing gland found in the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two main layers of the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "false" skin; outermost layer of the skin; relatively thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelial membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the deeper of the two major layers of the skin, composed of dense fibrous connective tissue interspersed with glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels; sometimes called "true skin"; thicker than the other layer |
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Definition
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|
Term
| tissue below the layers of skin; made up of loose connective tissue and fat; thick; makes up the hypodermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the loose, ordinary (areolar) tissue just under the skin and superficial to the muscles; also called the superficial fascia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fat in the __________ insulates thebody, stores energy, can be a food source, and is a shock absorber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the innermost of the tightly packed epithelial cells of the epidermis; cells in this layer are able to reprodce themselves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the self repairing characteristic of normal skin makes it possible for the body to maintain an effective barrier against _________ even when it is subjected to injury and normal wear and tear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| new cells are produced in the deep layer of the ___________ and move upward; as they approach the surface, the cytoplasm is replaced by keratin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protein substance found in hair, nails, outerskin cells, and horny tissues; tough waterproof material that provides cells in the outer layer of the skin with a horny, abrasion-resistant, and protective quality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tough outer layer of the epidermis; cells are filled with keratin; they are very dry, dead cells that "flake off" by the thousands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deeper cells of the epidermis are packed tightly by junctions sometimes called "____ _________" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when spot welds are weakened or destroyed, the skin falls apart; when this happens because of burns, friction, or exposure to irritants, ___________ may result |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a bag-like fluid filled elevation of the skin caused by an irritant such as heat, frcition, or a chemical |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the layer of the epidermis that contains the melanocytes that produce melanin to give skin its color; formed in the deepest layer of the epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the term _________ comes from a latin word meaning paint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specialized cells in the pigment layer that produce melanin; the higher the concentration, the deeper the color of the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the primary function of melanin |
|
Definition
| absorb uv radiation from the sun before it reaches the tissues below outer layers of the skin |
|
|
Term
| __________ determines how light/dark your basic skin color is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prolonged exposure _______ the skin becuse it leads to _________ mealnin deposits in the epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bluish appearance of the skin caused by deficient oxygenation of the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| junction between the thin epidermal layer of the skin and the dermal layer providing support of the epidermis; glues them together and provides support for the epidermis; blister formation occurs if damaged |
|
Definition
| dermal-epidermal junction |
|
|
Term
| deeper of the two primary skin layers and is much thicker and composed mostly of connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tough and strong white fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| upper region of the dermis is characteried by parallel rows of tiny bumps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| upper region of the dermis that forms part of the dermal epidermal junction and forms the ridges and grooves of fingerprints; helps bind the skin layers together; patterns for before birth and never change; also improves grip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deeper area of the dermis filled with a dense network of interlacing fibers; most are collagen fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| make the skin stretchable and able to rebound |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| give the skin its toughness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rich blood supply and loose spongy texture of this layer makes an ideal site for the rapid and relatively pain-free absorption of injected material; ie insulin, hypodermic needle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the __________ layer has specialized network of nerves and nerve endings to process sensory info sucha s pain, pressure, touch, and temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specialized structures required for hair growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extremely fine and soft hair found on a newborn infant; from latin word meaning "down"; more noticealbe on premature babies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _______ begins when cells of the epidermal layer of skin grow down into the dermis, forming a small tube called the hair follicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a small, capshaped cluster of cells located at the base of the follicle where hair growth begins; nourished by a dermal blood vessel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the hair that is hidden in the follicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the hair that is visible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as long as the cells in the _________ of the hair follicle remain alive, new hair will replace any that is cut or plucked |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| smooth muscles of the skin, which are attached to hair follicles; when contraction occurs, the hair stands up; goose bumps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| latin word meaning "erectors of the hair" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| make it possible for the body surface to act as a sense organ, relaying messages to the brain concerning sensations sucha as touch, pain, temperature, and pressure; highly complex to very simple |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a sensory receptor located in the skin close to the surface that detects light touch |
|
Definition
| meissner (tactile) corpuscle |
|
|
Term
| a receptor found deep in the dermis that detects pressure on the skin surface |
|
Definition
| pacini (lamellar) corpuscle |
|
|
Term
| specialized receptors in the skin that respond to pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skin receptor that detects sensations of cold |
|
Definition
| krause end bulbs (bulboid corpuscles) |
|
|
Term
| classified as accessory organs; produced by cells in the epidermis; form when the epidermal cells over the terminal ends of the fingers and toes fill with keratin and become hard and plate-like |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the nail that is hidden by the cuticle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skinfold covering the root of the nail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crescent shaped white area of the nail under the proximal nail bed; most noticable on the thumb; "moon" shaped |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layer of epithelium that lies under the nail; appears pink; if blood oxygen level drops, cyanosis develops; turns white when pressure is applied |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 varieties of skin glands: |
|
Definition
1.sudoriferous glands
2. sebaceous glands |
|
|
Term
| glands that secrete sweat; also referred to as sweat glands; most numerous of the skin glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sudoriferous glands are classified into two groups: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small sweat glands distributed over the total body surface; most numerous, important and wide-spread; produce perspiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transparent, watery liquid released by glands in the skin that eliminates ammonia and uric acid and helps maintain body temperature; also known as sweat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pinpoint-size opening on the skin that serves as an outlet of a small duct from the eccrine sweat glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sweat gland located in the axilla and genital regions; the glands enlarge and begin to function at puberty; secretion is thicker than sweat; odor is caused by the contamination and decomposition of the secretion by skin bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oil-producing gland found in the skin; grow where hairs grow (follicles); secrete sebum; lubricates hair and skin; pimples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secretion of the sebaceous glands; lubricates hair and skin; natures skin cream; increases during adolescence; decreases in late adulthood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sebum that accumulates and enlarges pres form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sebum that accumulates, darkens, and enlarges some of the ducts of the sebaceous glands; also known as a comedo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 most common types of skin cancer: |
|
Definition
1. squamous cell carcinoma
2. basal cell carcinoma
3. malignant melanoma |
|
|
Term
| _____ _________ is the most important factor in causing the common skin cancers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a malignant neoplasm of the skin characteried by purplish spots; rare; frequently associated with AIDS and other immune deficiencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| malignant tumor of the epidermis; slow-growing cancer that is capable of metastasizing; usually begin as hard, raised nodules that are usually painless |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one of the most common forms of skin cancer, usually occurs on the upper face with low potential for metastasizing; originates at cells at the base of the epidermis; appears first as a small, raised lesion that erodes in the center to form a bleeding, crust |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| malignant neoplasm of the pigment roducing cells of the skin; most serious form of skin cnacer; some times develops from a benign mole; ABCD's for warning signs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter |
|
|
Term
| people who had more than ______ blistering sunburns before age ______ have greater risk of developing melanoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. protection
2. temperature regulation
3. sense organ activity |
|
|
Term
| skin is the body's "______ _______ __ _________" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ filled cells of the stratum corneum also resist the entry of harmful chemicals and protect against physical tears and cuts; protects the body from ecessive fluid loss because it is waterproof |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pigment layer of the skin that prevents the suns harmful uv rays from penetrating the interior of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when sweat ______________ from the body surface, heat is ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ ________ through evaporation is basic in many cooling systems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when _________ quantities of blood are close to the skin, heat is _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an abundant ______ ________ primarily enables the regulation of body temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| changes to the skin color are related to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when blood supply increases, the skin reddens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraction of skin blood vessels causes the skin to take on a _______ color |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| injury to tissues resulting from contact with heat, chemicals, electricity, friction, or radiant and electromagnetic energy; classified into four categories, depending on the number of tissue layers involved |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one of the most serious and frequent problems that affect skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when burns involve large areas of the skin, treatment, and the possibility of recovery, depend on the ______ ______ involved and the ____________ of the burn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| determined by depth and the amount of body surface area affected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| determines the extent of a burn injury; body is divided into 11 areas of %'s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minor burn with only minimal discomfort and no blistering; epidermis may peel but no dermal injury occurs; sunburn; some skin reddening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a partial thickness burn injury that is more severe; often involves damage to the dermis; always causes damage to epidermis; may damage sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands, but complete destruction of the dermis does NOT occur; blisters, severe pain, generalized swelling, and fluid loss, and scarring can occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| term used to describe both minor burn injury and more severe burns that injur both the epidermis and the dermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| involves complete destruction of both epidermis and dermis with injury extending into the subcutaneous tissue; full-thickness burn; often involve underlying muscle and bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| difference between 2nd and 3rd degree burns: |
|
Definition
| 3rd degree lesions are insensitive to pain immediately after injury because of the destruciton of nerve endings; also destroys entire dermis |
|
|
Term
| serious problems associated with burns |
|
Definition
fluid loss
great risk of infection |
|
|
Term
| pressure sores; bed sores; "lying down" sores; lesions that appear after blood flow to a local area of skin slows down because of pressure on the skin covering a bony prominence; infections develop because of a lack of blood flow; causes tissue damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| frequents changes of position and soft support cushions help prevent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| help us respond to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain; located at the tips of the dendrites of sensory neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| our ability to snese changes in our environment is a requirement for maintaining ______________ and _________ itself |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sense organs are classified as: |
|
Definition
1. special sense organs
2. general sense organs |
|
|
Term
| consists of microscopic receptors widely distributed throughout the body in the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, and other internal organs of the body; they are responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, touch, pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sense organs responsible for senses of smell, taste, vision, hearing, equilibrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| individual receptor cells are often identified according to: |
|
Definition
1.whether they are encapsulated or uncapsulated
2. the types of stimuli that activate them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "free" or "naked" of a capsule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 kinds of capsulated nerve endings: |
|
Definition
1. meissner corpuscles
2. bulbous corpuscles
3. pacini corpuscles
4. krause end bulbs
5. golgi tendon organs
6. muscle spindles |
|
|
Term
| converting a stimulus into a sensation |
|
Definition
1. stimulus
2. stimulus changes into nerve impulse
3. nerve impulse transmitted to brain, sensation is perceived |
|
|
Term
| the microscopic general sense organ receptors are not ________ distributed over the body surface or in the internal organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| organ receptors _____ all respond to the same type of stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| activated by mechanical stimuli that "deform" or change the position or shape of the receptor; ie pacini corpuscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| receptor located in the muscles, tendons, and joints; allows the body to recognize its position; also provides information concerning the length and extent of contraction and tension in our muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| detect chemicals for taste and smell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 layers of tissue form the eyeball |
|
Definition
1. sclera
2. choroid
3. retina |
|
|
Term
| white outer coat of the eyebal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| middle layer of the eyeball that contains a dark pigment to prevent the scattering of incoming light rays |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innermost layer of the eyeball; contains rods and cones and continues posteriorly with the optic nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the white of the eye is part of the front surface of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transparent, anterior portion of the sclera; window of the eye; transparency due to lack of blood vessels and lymphatics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the cornea; may result in loss of transparency and change shape of the cornea; resulting in difficulty focusing on an image; can be corrected by refractive eye surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cornea appears blue, brown, gray, or green because it lies over the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| colored portion of the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the sclera |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the conjunctiva; most often caused by bacterial or viral infection, allergy, or environmenta factors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glands that produce tears and moisten the conjunctiva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 involuntary muscles that make up the front part of the choroid: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye; black center; hole in the doughnut shaped ciliary muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spoke-shaped fibers ________- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| circular shaped fibers _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pupils ______ in bright light and _______ in darkness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the refracting mechanism of the eye that is located directly behind the pupil; held in place by a ligament attached to the ciliary muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ciliary muscle ______ when looking at a distant item and the lens has a slightly curved shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ciliary muscle __________ to focus on near objects, as it contracts it pulls the choroid coat forward toward the lens and causes the lens to bulge and curve even more |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| farsightedness of old age; caused because the lenses lose atleast some of their elasticity and can no longer bulge enough to bring objects into focus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| opacity of the lens of the eye; milky; caused by long time exposure to uv radiatioin in sunlight; may occur in one or both eyes; may resul in blindness; can be removed surgically and the defective lens replaced with an artificial implant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| surgical placement of 6 or more radial slits (incisions) in a spoke-like pattern around the cornea; treats myopia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of astigmatism by placement of transverse cuts across the corneal surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| uses a microkeratome to cut a thin cap off of the corneal surface and then shave and reshape the underlying tissue; treats myopia and hyperopia |
|
Definition
| automated lamellar keratoplasty |
|
|
Term
| uses a cool excimer laser beam to vaporize corneal tissue; myopia |
|
Definition
| eximer laser surgery (photorefractive keratectomy) |
|
|
Term
| employs prk and alk techniques; makes cap into hinge, underlying tissue is reshaped, cap is replaced |
|
Definition
| laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (lasik) |
|
|
Term
| ultra short bursts of laser energy reshape the surface of the cornea; no surgical cutting |
|
Definition
| laser thermal keratoplasty |
|
|
Term
| employs radiofrequency energy to heat hair thin probes that are used to change the shape of the cornea; no scalpel or laser |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innermost layer of the eyeball |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| receptor located in the retina that is responsible for night vision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| receptor cell located in the retina that is stimulated by bright light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| yellowish area near the center of the retina that surrounds the fovea centralis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small depression in the macula lutea where cones are most densely packed; vision is sharpest where light rays focus on the it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clearness or sharpness of visual perception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __________ light we look directly at an object and focus the image on the fovea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in ______ light we see an object better if we look slightly to the side of it, thereby focusing the image nearer the peripheral retina, where the rods are more plentiful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ fill the inside of the eyeball; maintain normal shape and help refract light rays and bring them to focus on the retina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye, in front of the lens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| jelly like fluid found in the eye, posterior to the lens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disorder characterized by elevated pressure in the eye; caused when drainage of aqueus humor is blocked and pressure builds; may cause blindness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ _______ is affected by our focusing ability, efficiency of the retina, and proper function of the visual pathway and processing centers in the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vision of a person who sees something at 20 feet that a person with perfect vision can see at 100 feet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is the stimulus that results in vision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| light enters the eye through the ______ and is refracted so that it is focused on the ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bending of a ray of light as it passes from a medium of one density to one of a different density; occurs as light passes through the cornea, aqueous humor, the lens, and the vitreous humor on its way ot the retina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specialized nerve cell that is stimulated by light; rods and cones of retina; respond to a light stimulus by producing a nervous impulse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the rod and cone photreceptors _________ with the neurons in the bipolar and ganglionic layers of the retina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve impulses leave the retina and exit the eye through the _____ _______ on the posterior surface of the eyeball |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the area in the retina where the optic nerve fibers exit and there are no rods or cones; aka blind spot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after leaving the eye, the optic nerves enter the brain and travel to the _____ _____ of the ________ lobe; results in "seeing" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the normal eye, light rays enter the eye and are focused into a clear, _________ image on the retina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the brain easily right-side-ups but cannot: |
|
Definition
| fix an image that is not sharply focused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chemicals in the retinal cells that are sensitive to light |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| inherited; cant see green or red |
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Definition
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Term
| in addition to it role in hearing, the ear also functions as the sense organ of ___________ and ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| physical forces that involve sound vibrations and fluid movements are responsible for initiating _________ _______ eventually perceived as sound and balance |
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Definition
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Term
| the ear is divided into 3 anatomical areas |
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Definition
1. external ear
2. middle ear
3. inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
1. auricle (pinna)
2. external auditory canal |
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Term
| part of the ear attached to the side of the head; earlike appendage of each atrium of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| a curved tube (2.5 cm) extending from the auricle into the temporal bone, ending at the tympanic membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| drumlike; also called ear drum; partition between the external and middle ear |
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Definition
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Term
| the auditory canal contains many: |
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Definition
1. short hairs
2. ceruminous glands
3. cerumin |
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Term
| gland that produces ear wax |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sound waves traveling through the external auditory canal strike the _______ _________ and cause it to vibrate |
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Definition
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Term
| tiny and very thin epithelium lined cavity hollowed out of the temporal bone |
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Definition
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Term
| little bones; found in the ears |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| order of bones of ear from external to internal |
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Definition
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Term
| seperates the middle ear for the inner ear |
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Definition
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Term
| when sound waves cause the ear drum to vibrate, that movement is transmitted and aplified by the ________ as it passes through the middle ear. |
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Definition
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Term
| movement of the _______ against the oval window causes movement of fluid in the inner ear |
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Definition
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Term
| tube that connects the throat with the middle ear toe equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanum; explains the frequent spread of infection from the throat to the ear |
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Definition
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Term
| the epithelial lining of the middle ears, auditory tubes, and throat are extensions of one __________ membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| middle ear infection; may be spread by a sore throat |
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Definition
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Term
| the activation of specialized ____________ in the inner ear generates nervous impulses that result in hearing equilibrium |
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Definition
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Term
| the fluid-filled complex maze of three spaces (the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea) in the temporal bone |
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Definition
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Term
| a watery fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the ear |
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Definition
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Term
| located in the inner ear; the portion adjacent to the oval window between the semicircular canals and the cochlea |
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Definition
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Term
| locaeted in the inner ear; contains a specialized receptor called crista ampullaris that generates a nerve impulse on movement of the head |
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Definition
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Term
| snail shell or structure of similar shape |
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Definition
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Term
| a membranous sac that follows the shape of the bony labyrinth and is filled with endolymph; tube within a tube |
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Definition
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Term
| thick, clear fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear |
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Definition
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Term
| the specialied mechanoreceptors for balance and equilibrium are located in the three ___________________ and the __________ |
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Definition
| semicircular canals, vestibule |
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Term
| generates nerve impulse when you move your head |
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Definition
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Term
| dilated area within each cana that contains crista ampullaris |
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Definition
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Term
| a division of the vestibulocochlear nerve; joins the cochlear nerve to form the acoustic nerve |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| membranous tube within the bony cochlea |
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Definition
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Term
| specialized hair cells on the _____ ____ _______ generate nerve impulses when they are bent by the movement of endolymph set in motion by sound waves |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| receptors that respond to chemicals and are responsible for taste and smell |
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Definition
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Term
| cells of taste; chemorecptors |
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Definition
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Term
| small, nipple-shaped elevations; bumps scattered across the tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| form an inverted V pattern at the back of the tongue; contain the most taste buds |
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Definition
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Term
| most taste buds are located on |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ________ dissolved in the saliva stimulate the chemorecptor gustatory cells |
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Definition
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Term
| each taste bud opens through an opening into a trench like moat that surrounds the ________ and is filled with saliva |
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Definition
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Term
| four kind of primary taste snesations |
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Definition
1. sweet
2. sour
3. salty
4. bitter |
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Term
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Definition
1. metallic
2. umami (meaty) |
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Term
| flavors result from a combination of: |
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Definition
| taste bud and olfactory receptor stimulation |
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Term
| a cold virus that cuases nasal congestion can interfere with the stimulation of the olfactory receptors by odors from foods in the mouth and can markedly ______ taste sensations |
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Definition
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Term
| nervous impulses that are generated by the snesation of taste buds travel primarily through two cranial nerves (7 and 9) to end in the specialized taste area of the _____ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| the chemoreceptors responsible for the sense of smell are located in a small area of epithelial tissue in the ______ part of the nasal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| chemical receptors responsible for the sense of smell; located in the epithelial tissue in the upper part of the nasal cavity; somewhat hidden; must often forcefully sniff the air to smell delicate odors |
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Definition
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Term
| each olfactory cell has a number of specialized ______ that sense different chemicals and cause the cell to respond by generating a nervous impulse |
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Definition
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Term
| to be detected by olfactory receptors, chemicals must be ___________ in a watery mucus that lines the nasal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| although the olfactory receptors are extremely sensitive, they also easily ______ to odors and then lose their ability to respond to them |
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Definition
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Term
| odors that are at first very noticeable are: |
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Definition
| not sensed at all after a short time |
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Term
| the pathways take by the olfactory nerve impulses and the areas where these impulses are interpreted are closely associated with areas of the brain important in _____ and _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Please Excuse Tabitha My Inconsiderate Sister Outlawed Coloring Always Against Colors |
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Definition
| Pinna, External auditory canals, Tympanic membrane Malleus, Incus, Stapes, Oval window, Cochlea, Auditory liquids and receptors in organ of Corti, Auditory nerve fibers, Cerebral cortex |
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Term
| Cornellia A Pet Lover Vanquished Rats Out Of The Cellar |
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Definition
| Cornea, Aqueous humor/chamber, Pupil, Lens, Vitreous humor/chamber, Retina, Optic nerve fibers, Optic chaism, Thalamus, Cerebral cortex |
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