Term
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Definition
Onset - 15-30 minutes
Peak - 30 min - 2.5 hours
Duration - 3-6.5 hours
(short acting with rapid onset)
Note: All that end with "log" mean that they are an analog form of the normal insulin. In this case the lysine and proline chains switched places on the molecule to make the bonds less tight and cause it to be processed faster in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
Onset - 10-20 minutes
Peak - 1-3 hours
Duration - 3-5 hours
Note: similar to Lispro, the amino acid B28 which is normally Proline was replaced with aspartic acid. Like Lispro, this makes Aspart (Novolog) have a weaker intramolecular bond and so it is catabolized faster.
(short acting with rapid onset) |
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Term
| Insulin glulisine (Apidra) |
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Definition
Onset - 10-15 minutes
Peak - 1-1.5 hours
Duration - 3-5 hours
(short acting, rapid onset)
This analog is made by changing the amino acid at location B3 to asparagine and at position B29 to glutamic acid. This weakens the molecular bonds so that it can be processed faster in the body. |
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Term
| Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R) |
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Definition
Onset - 30 - 60 minutes
Peak - 2-3 hours
Duration - 4-6 hours
(short acting, normal onset) |
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Term
| NPH (Novolin N, Humulin N) |
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Definition
Onset - 1-2 hours
Peak - 6-14 hours
Duration - 16-24 hours
(intermediate acting)
NPH (neutral protamine hagedorn)is created by crystallizing insulin with zinc in the presence of poly-arginine peptide protamine. This slows down its metabolism in the body. |
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Term
| Insulin glargine (Lantas) |
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Definition
Onset - ~1 hour
Peak - None
Duration - = or > 24 hours
(Long-acting)
This is created by replacing position A21 with glycine and the C-terminous of the B chain with 2 arginines. |
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Term
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Definition
Onset - unknown
Peak - minimal peak at 6-8 hours
Duration - Dose dependent and albumin bound (so, I believe that it will have a stronger effect in older people with lower albumin levels) |
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