What are the names of the 2 models involved in Institutional Aggression within Groups?

Importation Model

Deprivation Model

What are the 2 factors within the Importation Model in Institutional Aggression within groups?

Interpersonal factors

Gang Membership

Describe Interpersonal factors in the Importation Model in Institutional Aggression within Groups?

Irwin & Cressey claim that prisoners bring their own social histories and traits with them into prison and this indluences their behaviour within the prison environment.

Name the Psychologist who suggested Interpersonal factors in the Importation model in Institutional Aggression within Groups?

(Initials: I&C)

Irwin & Cressey

Describe Gang membership in the Importation Model in Institutional Aggression within Groups?

Members of street gangs tend to have commit crimes at greater levels than those not in gangs.

What are the 2 factors within the Deprivation Model in Institutional Aggression within Groups?

Situational factors

Imprisonment Losses

Describe Situational factors in the Deprivation Model in Institutional Aggression within Groups?

Paterline & Peterson suggest that prisoner aggression is due to the oppressive conditions of the institution itself (eg. crowding)

Describe Imprisonment Losses in the Deprivation Model in Institutional Aggression within Groups?

Loss of liberty

Loss of Autonomy

Loss of security

Name 2 Psychologists supporting Institutional Aggression within Groups?

(Initials: H&S, M)

Harer & Steffensmeier

McCorkle et al.

Name the Psychologist suggesting Situational factors within the Deprivation model in Institutional Aggression within Groups?

(Initials: P&P)

Paterline & Peterson

Why do Harer & Steffensmeier support Institutional Aggression within Groups?

Collected data from US prisons and found that black inmates had higher rates of violence, but lower rates of drugs/alcohol abuse than white inmates.

Why does McCorkle et al. support Institutional Aggression within Groups?

Suggested 3 factors leading to peer violence within institutions: Overcrowding, Lack of meaningful activity and lack of privacy.

What are the 3 factors which McCorkle et al. suggest provoke peer violence?

Lack of Privacy

Lack of meaningful activity

Overcrowding

Name 2 Psychologists criticising Institutional Aggression within Groups?

(Initials: N, D)

Nijman et al.

Delisi et al.

Why does Nijman et al. criticise Institutional Aggression within Groups?

Found that increased personal space within prisons failed to reduce violent incidents - counters McCorkle's suggestion of overcrowding as a cause for peer violence.

Why does Desili et al. criticise Institutional Aggression within Groups?

Found that inmates with prior street gang involvement were no more likely to engage in violence than non-gang members.

Why does Institutional Aggression between Groups suggest aggression occurs?

Violence occurs when 1 institution hates another because of eg. race, ethnicity, religion

Name the Psychologist who suggested 5 stages of Genocide?

(Initials: S)

Staub

Outline Staub's 5 stages of Genocide?

1/ Difficult Social Conditions.

2/ Scapegoating of less powerful group.

3/ Dehumanisation of the target group.

4/ Moral values become inapplicable. Killings occur.

5/ Bystanders ignore.

What are the 2 factors within Institutional Aggression between Groups?

Dehumanisation

Obedience to Authority

What is Dehumanisation?

Members of an institution are seen as worthless animals and therefore not worthy of moral consideration.

Describe Obedience to Authority?

Pressure to obey in cases where punishment is possible. Can explain situations such as the holocaust.

Name a Psychologist supporting Institutional Aggression between Groups?

(Initials: OB)

O'Brien et al.

Why does O'Brien et al. support Institutional Aggression between Groups?

Dehumanisation can explain violence against immigrants as people see them as worthless.

Name a Psychologist criticising Institutional Aggression between Groups?

(Initials: M)

Mandel

Why does Mandel criticise Institutional Aggression between Groups?

Argues that in situations such as the Holocaust, other causes are ignored - only focuses on obedience to authority.