Term
| How does the eye act as a passive barrier? |
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Definition
| Blinking wipes tears across the eye. Tears contain the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme. |
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Term
| How do the ears act as passive barriers? |
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Definition
| Hairs and ear wax trap pathogens in the passageway of the external ear. |
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Term
| How does the nose act as a passive barrier? |
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Definition
| The nasal passages are lined with mucus secretions and hairs that trap pathogens. |
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Term
| How does the digestive tract act as a passive barrier? |
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Definition
| Pathogens are trapped in saliva and mucus, then swallowed. Most are destroyed by the low pH of the stomach. |
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Term
| How do the airways act as a passive barrier? |
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Definition
| Instead of reaching the lungs, most pathogens are trapped in mucus and swept up and out of the airway by the cilia. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Bacteria and other pathogens enter wound.
2) Platelets from blood release blood-clotting proteins at wound site.
3) Neutrophils arrive, begin removing pathogens by phagocytosis.
4) Some newly arrived leukocytes mature into macrophages that phagocytize pathogens and secrete key cell-cell signals.
5) Mast cells at the site secrete factors that constrict blood vessel at the wound, and dilate blood vessels near the wound. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any disease-causing bad thing in your body that is not one of your own cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any small, recognizable shape on an antigen surface. |
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Term
| What is the structure of an antibody? |
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Definition
| Shorter light chains disulfide-bound to longer heavy chains. (T-like shape) |
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Term
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Definition
- Start with DNA containing full set of V, J, and C segments.
- One V segment joins with one J segment and the C segment by recombination.
- Translation results in a protein with a unique amino acid sequence. |
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Term
| Components of the Immune System |
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Definition
| Lymphocyte origin (bone marrow); lymphocyte maturation (bone marrow[B cells], thymus [T cells]); lymphocyte activation (spleen, lymph nodes); lymphocyte transport (lymphatic ducts, blood vessels). |
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