Term
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Definition
| Genes are blended (fused) during gamete fertilization, resulting in offspring that have traits intermediate between parents |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes are physically distinct therefore offspring, regardless of their phenotype, will always contain both genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breeding two parental individuals with different traits and then allowing the resulting offspring to self-fertilize |
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Term
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Definition
| Having two copies of each gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Having one copy of each gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Has two alleles that are the same |
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Term
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Definition
| Has two different alleles |
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Term
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Definition
| When gametes are produced, the two copies of a gene separate so that each gamete only receives one copy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breeding two individuals that are identical double heterozygotes; results in the offspring having four phenotypes. |
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Term
| Law of independent assortment |
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Definition
| Chromosomes segregate independently during gamete formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stable, inherited changes to genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| When offspring have blended traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two alleles that produce different phenotypes both appear in a heterozygote offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a single allele influences more than one phenotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the phenotypic expression of one gene is affected by another gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| Matings between close relatives |
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Term
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Definition
| The generally lower quality of offspring that are formed from inbreeding parents |
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Term
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Definition
| Hybrid vigor that occurs from crossing inbred lines; hybrids are less likely to exhibit recessive alleles and new combinations of alleles can interact to form superior traits (overdominance) |
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Term
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Definition
| Proportion of individuals in a group with a given genotype that actually show the expected phenotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| Degree to which a genotype is expressed in an individual.` |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| All hereditary material in an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| Sequence of DNA that occupies a specific locus |
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Term
| What is the difference between exons and introns? |
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Definition
| Exons are coding regions of DNA and introns are non-coding. |
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Term
| What affects quantitative traits, besides genotype? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is phenotypic variation (include the equation)? |
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Definition
Describes the total variation in a population.
V(p) = V(g) + V(e) , where V(g) is variation due to genes and V(e) is variation due to environment. |
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Term
| What is heritability (include equation)? |
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Definition
| Proportion of total phenotypic variation due to genetic differences among individuals. h^2 = V(g)/V(p) |
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Term
| What happens when h^2 > 0? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when h^2 = 0? |
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Definition
| No genetic variation for a trait |
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Term
| What are the two conditions regarding heritability measurements? |
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Definition
1. Heritability can only be measured in populations.
2. Heritability is specific to the environment. |
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