Term
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Definition
| Movement of fluids to a higher solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement away from a higher solute concentration away to balance molecules. |
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Term
| What is the typical osmolality in plasma? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much fluid is in extracellular fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much fluid is in intracellular fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does extracellular fluid usually come from when you lose water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the basic rule of thumb for water and sodium? |
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Definition
| Where sodium goes, water follows. |
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Term
| What happens to plasma volume when osmolality decreases? |
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Definition
| The osmolality increases. (Higher concentration of molecules to water.) |
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Term
| What is an early sign of dehydration in older adults? |
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Definition
| Confusion. Less Cerebral Spinal Fluid can cause a variety of issues. |
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Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of hypovolemia? (What happens when you have less water in your system?) |
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Definition
| Hypotension, postural hypotension, weak thready pulse, confusion, tachycardia, weight loss, skin turger loss, low urine output. |
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Term
| What is the Specific Gravity test for? |
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Definition
| Measuring the volume of particles in the urine. |
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Term
| What is the range for mild, moderate and severe fluid loss? |
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Definition
Mild 2-4%
Moderate 5-7%
Severe 8% fluid loss or greater |
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Term
| Where do you find third spacing show up frequently? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you need to check when someone has low fluid volume? |
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Definition
Specific Gravity
Sodium
Hematocrit (will be elevated)
BUN
Creatinine
Basic metabolic panel |
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Term
| Why will hematocrit be elevated with low fluid volume? |
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Definition
| Same reason osmolality increases. Less fluid for it to be compared with so relative concentration is higher. |
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Term
| What is the causes of fluid volume excess? |
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Definition
| CHF, kidney disease, too much water, bladder retention, excessive sodium intake. |
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Term
| What are signs and symptoms of fluid volume excess? |
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Definition
| High blood pressure, full bounding pulse, Orthopnea, dyspnea, crackles and wheezes, cough, weight gain, edema |
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Term
| What sign is present in both low and high fluid volume issues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 solutions that are isotonic in the body? |
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Definition
| .9% saline, ringers and lactated ringers. |
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Term
| What are the 5 solutions that are hypotonic in the body? |
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Definition
| 5% dextrose in water, .45% Normal Saline, .224% Normal Saline and 5% dextrose in .45% Normal Saline, 5% dextrose in .224% Normal Saline. |
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Term
| What are the 4 solutions that are hypertonic in the body? |
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Definition
3% and 5% Normal Saline
10% and 50% Dextrose |
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Term
| What solution type should you never use for brain injuries? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do Hypotonic solutions provide for free water in the body? |
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Definition
| The dextrose triggers and insulin response and the sugar is pulled away, leaving water behind. |
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Term
| What solution is isotonic in the bag but hypotonic in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What solutions are hypertonic in the bag but hypotonic in the body? |
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Definition
5% dextrose in .45% Normal Saline (1/2 NS)
5% dextrose in .225% Normal Saline (1/4 NS) |
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