Term
|
Definition
Quality
Technical
User
Scope
Resource
Business
Socio-political
Schedule |
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Term
|
Definition
Avoid
Reduce
Transfer
Accept
Fallback
Share |
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Term
Stages in a Structured Risk Assessment
(ISO 25010 Product Quality Model) |
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Definition
1. Functional Suitability
2. Performance Efficiency
3. Compatibility
4. Usability
5. Reliability
6. Security
7. Maintainability
8. Portability |
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Term
Quality in Use Model
(ISO 25010) |
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Definition
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Satisfaction (usefulness, trust, pleasure, comfort)
Freedom from Risk (economic risk mitigation, health and safety risk mitigation, environmental risk mitigation)
Context coverage (context completeness, flexibility) |
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Term
| 11 Project Governance Principles |
|
Definition
1. Responsibility
2. Roles, responsibilities and performance criteria clearly defined
3. Methods and controls applied throughout the project life-cycle
4. Project should be aligned to the corporate strategy
5. Have an approved plan showing authorisation points
6. Effective delegation with sufficient representation, competence and authority
7. Business case supported by relevant and realistic information
8. Independent authorised scrutiny
9. Clearly defined criteria for reporting project status
10. Culture of improvement
11. Project stakeholders fill appropriate roles |
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Term
| Types of Project Assurance |
|
Definition
Business Assurance - the project remains viable in terms of costs and benefits
User Assurance - checking that the users' requirements are being met
Technical Assurance - the project is delivering a suitable solution |
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Term
| Blooms Taxonomy (Pyramid - bottom to top) |
|
Definition
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation |
|
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Term
| The Ladder of Inference (bottom to top) |
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Definition
Select Data
Assumptions
Conclusions
Beliefs
Action |
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Term
|
Definition
| A 'thing' that maintains its existence and functions as a whole through the interactions of its parts |
|
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Term
Four Levels of Operating
(Systems Thinking) |
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Definition
Events/structure/feedback
Behaviour over time
System as the whole
Mental models |
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Term
| Common Modes of Behaviour |
|
Definition
Exponential Growth
Goal Seeking
S-Shaped Growth
Oscillation
Growth with Overshoot
Overshoot and Collapse |
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Term
| Reasons for Complex Systems |
|
Definition
Unexpected behaviours
Unexpected responses to interventions
New forms of failure
Changing (in unobvious ways) |
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Term
| Types of Machine Learning |
|
Definition
Expert Systems
Case Based Reasoning
Genetic Algorithms
Swarm Intelligence
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) |
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Term
| Two Classes of Machine Learning |
|
Definition
Neat AI - uses logical and formal representation of knowledge (explicit)
Scruffy AI - "only" attempts to replicate the results without insight into the process |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Neat AI
Knowledge is extracted from databases and through interviews with experts
Expressed in rules, inference rules built into system |
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Term
| Problems with Expert Systems |
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Definition
Not creative, limited to the knowledge in the system
Errors and omissions will lead to incorrect solution
Cannot adapt to changing circumstances |
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Term
| Case Based Reasoning (+ Process & Criticism) |
|
Definition
Rules are not explicit, instead samples are presented
Process
-Retrieve relevant cases from storage
-Attempt to map the solution from the previous case to the new problem
-Test the new solution
-Store the new case
Criticism: cases are anecdotal evidence |
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Term
|
Definition
Scruffy AI
Algorithm:
-Create new generation of individuals using mutation and crossover operators
-Individuals compete
-Survivors (different rules) are used as the parent generation
-Continues until some condition is met |
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Term
|
Definition
Models the search process
Agents are defined (like individuals) and rules define how these individuals interact |
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Term
| Advantages and Disadvantages of ANNs |
|
Definition
Advantages:
-Work well with large sets of noisy data
-Simple to use
-Does not impose any structure on the data
-Can learn and adapt
-Well suited to complicated problems
Disadvantages:
-No rule discovery, only solutions
-Can take a long time to converge
-Difficulty of local minima - curvefitting
-Effect of parameter settings on results can be difficult to quantify |
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Term
| Types of ANN Application Areas |
|
Definition
Optimisation: job scheduling, efficient routing
Classification: pattern matching, credit scoring
Time Series Forecasting: demand curves, electrical power loads, weather prediction |
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Term
| Five Moral Dimensions of the Digital Age |
|
Definition
1. Information rights and obligations
2. Property rights and obligations
3. Accountability and control
4. System quality
5. Quality of life |
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Term
| Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues |
|
Definition
Doubling of computer power
Rapidly declining data storage costs
Networking advances and the internet
Advances in data analysis techniques (profiling; NORA)
Mobile device growth |
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Term
| Basic Concepts for Ethical Analysis |
|
Definition
Responsibility
Accountability
Liability
Due Process |
|
|
Term
| Five Step Ethical Analysis Process |
|
Definition
1. Identify and clearly describe the facts
2. Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved
3. Identify the stakeholder
4. Identify the options that you can reasonably take
5. Identify the potential consequences of your options |
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Term
| Candidate Ethical Principles |
|
Definition
Golden Rule – do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative – if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone
Descartes’ Rule of Change – if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all
Utilitarian Principle – take the action that achieves the higher or greater value
Risk Aversion Principle – take the action that produces the least harm or potential cost
Ethical “No Free Lunch” Rule – assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone unless there is a specific declaration otherwise |
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Term
|
Definition
CIOs will be front and centre
Going mobile
Social re-engineering
Prominence of Design
IPv6 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Convergence
Ubiquity
Transparency
Extending Reality |
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Term
|
Definition
Finding the best mix for the company and the individual of the way work is done
The digital era enables work to be done in a variety of ways |
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Term
|
Definition
Characterise the system - provide basis for action
Provide inertia and memory
Sources of delays
Decouple flow rates: create disequilibrium |
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Term
| Types of Artificial Intelligence |
|
Definition
Neat AI - uses logical and formal representation of knowledge (explicit)
Scruffy AI - only attempts to replicate the results without insight into the process |
|
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Term
| Opportunities and Weaknesses of MOOCs |
|
Definition
Opportunities:
-Challenging the professor profession
-Bringing education to the world
Weaknesses:
-Expensive to produce
-Gap between promise and practice |
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Term
| Factors of Success for Small Projects |
|
Definition
Executive management support
User involvement
Optimisation
Skilled resources
Project management expertise
Agile business
Clear business objectives
Emotional maturity
Execution
Tools and infrastructure |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cyclical process of applying a new strategy to achieve an expected or desired outcome and then re-evaluating or reframing the goals and processes looking at consequences from a wider perspective |
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