Term
|
Definition
| stiff hairs that filter large particles from the air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hair-like projections that propel trapped particles towards the throat for digestion by
digestive enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rich supply of capillaries warm the inspired air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
folds in the mucous membrane that increase air turbulence and ensures that most
air contacts the mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mucous membranes that contain smell receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium containing goblet cells that
secrete mucus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stickiness traps inhaled particles and Lysozyme kills bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Lymphocytes and IgA antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air passage (pseudostratified columnar epithelium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passageway for air, food, and drink (stratified squamous epithelium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passageway for air, food, and drink (stratified squamous epithelium) |
|
|
Term
| Left and right primary bronchi |
|
Definition
branch off
from trachea Once the left and right
primary bronchi enter the lungs they are
subdivided into smaller tubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
are clusters of alveoli -
the site of gas exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allow for diffusion of gases (simple squamous epithelia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secrete surfactant (simple cuboidal epithelia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alveolar macrophages (leukocytes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aid in resistance to air flow |
|
|
Term
| Elastic connective tissue fibers |
|
Definition
| aid in expelling air from the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temporary cessation of breathing (one or more skipped breaths) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| labored, gasping breathing; shortness of breath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal, relaxed, quiet breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased rate and depth of breathing in response to exercise, pain, or other conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased pulmonary ventilation in excess of metabolic demand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduced pulmonary ventilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| permanent cessation of breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| values determined by using a spirometer |
|
|
Term
| Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) |
|
Definition
amount of air that can be inhaled during forced breathing in
addition to resting tidal volume |
|
|
Term
| Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) |
|
Definition
amount of air that can be exhaled during forced breathing in
addition to tidal volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maximum amount of air that can be expired after taking the deepest breath
possible (VC = TV + IRV + ERV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of resting
tidal volume (IC = TV + IRV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of resting
tidal volume (IC = TV + IRV) |
|
|
Term
| Functional Residual Capacity |
|
Definition
volume of air remaining in the lungs following exhalation of
resting volume (FRC = ERV + RV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total volume of air that the lungs can hold (TLC = VC + RV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
areas of the conducting zone that contains air that never contributes to the
gas exchange in the alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alveoli that or collapsed or obstructed and are not able to participate in gas
exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| values determined by adding two or more of the respiratory volumes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enable obstructive pulmonary disorders to be distinguished from
restrictive disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
do not reduce respiratory volumes, but the narrow the airway and interfere
with airflow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disorders that stiffen the lungs and thus reduce compliance and vital
capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficiency of oxygen in a tissue or the inability to use oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excess oxygen, causing the build up of peroxides and free radicals |
|
|
Term
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) |
|
Definition
long-term obstruction of airflow and a substantial
reduction in pulmonary ventilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cilia are immobilized and reduced in number; goblet cells increase their
production of mucus → mucus clogs the airways and breeds infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alveolar walls break down and the surface area of the lungs is reduced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allergens trigger the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals that cause
intense bronchoconstriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the vocal folds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower respiratory infection that causes fluid build up in the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cessation of breathing for 10 seconds or longer during sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis; reduces lung compliance |
|
|
