Term
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Definition
| The extent of detail within the information (fine and detailed or coarse and abstract) |
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Term
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Definition
| Immediate, up-to-date information |
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Term
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Definition
| provide real-time information in response to requests |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the same data element has different values |
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Term
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Definition
| Occur when a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data |
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Term
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Definition
| The overall management of the availability usability, itengrity, and security of compan data |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses) |
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Term
| Database management system (DBMS) |
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Definition
| creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security |
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Term
| Query-by-example (QBE) tool |
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Definition
| helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database |
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Term
| Structured query language (SQL) |
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Definition
| asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database |
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Term
| Data element (or data field) |
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Definition
| The smallest or basic unit of information |
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Term
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Definition
| logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| provides details about data |
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Term
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Definition
| Compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model |
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Term
| Relational database model |
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Definition
| stores information in the form of logically realted two-dimensional tables |
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Term
| Relational database management system |
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Definition
| Allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database |
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Term
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Definition
| (also referred to as a table) stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event. |
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Term
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Definition
| (also called columns or fields) the data element associated with an entity |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of related data elements. Each record in an entity occupies one row in its respective table. |
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Term
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Definition
| a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table. |
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Term
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Definition
| A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables. |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical view of information deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device |
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Term
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Definition
| The logical veiw of information focuses on how individual users logically access information to meet their own particular business needs |
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Term
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Definition
| The duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the quality of information |
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Term
| Business-critical integrity constraints |
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Definition
| enforce business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints |
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Term
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Definition
| An interactive website kept constantly updated and relevent to the needs of its customers using a database |
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Term
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Definition
| A logical collection of information, gathered from many different operational databases, that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains a subset of data warehouse information. To distinguish between data warehouses and data marts, think of data warehouses as having a more organizational focus and data marts as having a functional focus |
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Term
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Definition
| A common term for the representation of multidimensional information |
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Term
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Definition
| determine the accuracy and completeness of a firm's data |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone |
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Term
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Definition
| Use a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information that predict the future behavior and guide decision making. |
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Term
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Definition
| Data already in a database or a spreadsheet |
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Term
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Definition
| does not exist in a fixed location and can include text documents, PDFs, voice messages, emails, and so on |
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Term
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Definition
| Analyzes unstructured data to find trends and patterns in words and sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| analyzes unstructured data associated with websites to identify consumer behavior and website navigation |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique used to divide information sets into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| reveals the relationship between variables along with the nature and frequency of the relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| Analyzed such items as websites and checkout scanner information to detect customers' buying behavior and predict future behavior by identifying affinities among customers' choices of products and services. |
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Term
| Information cleansing or scrubbing |
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Definition
| A process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information |
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Term
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Definition
| Rules that help ensure the quality of information |
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Term
| Relational integrity constraints |
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Definition
| Rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints |
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Term
| Extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) |
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Definition
| A process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms it using a common set of enterprise definition, and loads in into a data warehouse |
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Term
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Definition
| Performs such functions as information correlations, distributions, calculations, and variance analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Time stamped information collected at a particular frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| Predictions based on time-series information |
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Term
| Netowrks are categorized based on geographic span. Name three |
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Definition
1) local area netoworks
2) wide area networks
3) metropolitan area networks |
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Term
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Definition
| connects a group of computers in close proximity, such as in an office building, school, or home |
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Term
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Definition
| spans a large geographic area such as a state, province, or country |
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Term
| Metropolitan area network (MAN) |
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Definition
| a large computer network usually spanning a city |
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Term
| National service providers (NSPs) |
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Definition
private companies that own and maintain the worldwide backbone that supports the Internet
Examples: Sprint, Verizon, AT&T... |
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Term
| Network access points (NAPs) |
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Definition
| traffic exchange points in teh routing hierarchy of the Internet that connects NSPs |
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Term
| Regional service providers (RSPs) |
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Definition
| offer Internet service by connection to NSPs, but they also can connect directly to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| how we measure network performance. Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that can pass from one point to another in a unit of time |
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Term
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Definition
| (short for binary digit) the smallest element of data and has a value of either 0 or 1 |
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Term
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Definition
The number of bits transferred or received per unit of time.
Bandwidth is measured in terms of bit rate (or data rate) |
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Term
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Definition
| A device that enables a computer to transmit and receive data |
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Term
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Definition
A high-speed Internet connection that is always connected
The two most prevalent types of broadband access are digital subscriber line and cable connection |
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Term
| Digital subscriver line (DSL) |
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Definition
| Allows high-speed digital data transmission over standard telephone lines |
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Term
| Internet cable connections |
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Definition
| Provide internet access using a cable television company's infrastructure and a special cable modem |
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Term
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Definition
A type of data connection able to transmit a digital signla at 1.544 Mpbs.
Leased lines for high bandwidth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission |
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Term
| Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) |
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Definition
| Provides the technical foundation for public Internet as well as for large numbers of private networks |
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Term
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Definition
Converts IP addresses into domain, or identifying labesl that use a variety of recognizable naming conventions.
Therefore, instead of trying to remember 94.1565.26.155, users can simply specify a domain name to access a computer or website, such as www.apple.com |
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Term
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Definition
| The effecient coexistence of telephone, video, and data communications within a single network, offering convenience and flexibility not possible with separate infrastructures |
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Term
| Unified Communications (UC) |
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Definition
The integration of communication channels into a single service.
UC merges instant message, videoconverencing, email, voice mail, and VoIP. This can decrease the communication costs for a business while enhancing the way individuals communicate and collaborate |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses IP technology to transmit telephone calls |
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Term
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Definition
| specialists as well as traditional telephone and cable companies and some ISPs - allows users to call anyone with a telephone number, whether local, long distance, cellular, or international |
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Term
| What are the two ways to use VoIP for telephone calls? |
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Definition
| through a Web interface that allows users to make calls from their computer and through a phone attached to a VoIP adapter that links directly to the Internet though a broadband modem |
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Term
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Definition
| A computer network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the partcipants in the network rather than a cetnralized server |
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Term
| Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) |
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Definition
| distributes digital video content using IP across the Internet and private IP networks |
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Term
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Definition
| A restricted network that relies on Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like environment within the compant for information sharing, communications, collaboration, Web publishing, and the support of business processes |
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Term
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Definition
| An extension of an intranet that is available only to authorized outsiders, such as customers, partners, and suppliers |
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Term
| Virtual private network (VPN) |
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Definition
| Companies can establish direct private network links among themselves or create private, secure Internet access, in effect a "private tunnel" within the INternet, called a VPN |
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Term
| Secure sockets layer (SSL) |
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Definition
| A standard security technology for estbalishing an encrypted link between a Web server and a browser, ensure that all data passed between them remain private. To create an SSL connection, a Web server requires an SSL certificate. |
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Term
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Definition
| An electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworth individual or company. (Remember, public key encryption (PKE) uses two keys: a public key that everyone can have and a private key for onle the recipient). |
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Term
| Secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP or HTTPS) |
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Definition
| A combination of HTTP and SSL to provide encryption and secure identification of an Internet server |
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Term
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Definition
| A worldwide gap giving advantages to those with access to technology |
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Term
| Personal area networks (PAN) |
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Definition
Provide communication over a short distance that is intended for use with devices that are owened and operated by a single user
Example: a PAN cna provide communication between a wriesless headset and a cell phone or between a computer and a wireless mouse or keyboard |
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Term
|
Definition
| A wireless PAN technology that transmits signals over short distances among cell phones, computers, and other devices |
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Term
|
Definition
| A local area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data over distance of a few hundred feet |
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Term
| Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) |
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Definition
| A means by which protable devices can connect wirelessly to a local area network, using access points that send and receive data via radio waves |
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Term
|
Definition
| The bandwidth associated with Wi-Fi are separated according to severl wireless networking standards, known as 802.11, for carrying out wireless local area network communication |
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Term
|
Definition
| A metropolitan area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data |
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Term
| Wordlwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) |
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Definition
A communication technology aimed at providing high-speed wireless data over metropolitan area networks
In many respects, WiMAX operates like Wi-Fi, only over greater distances and with higher bandwidths |
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Term
|
Definition
A wide area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data.
WWAN technologies can be divided into two categories: cellular communication systems and satellite communication systems. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Services that bring wireless broadband to mobile phones |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of sending audio and video files over the Internet in such a way that the user can view the file while it is being transferred |
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Term
|
Definition
| A space station that orbits the Earth receiving and transmitting signals from Earth-based stations over a wide area |
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Term
| Radio-frequency identification (RFID) |
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Definition
uses electronic tags and lables to identify object wirelessly over short distances. It hold the promise of replacing existing identification technologies such as the bar code.
RFID wrielessly exchanges information between a tagged object adn a reader/writer. |
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Term
| Global Positioning System (GPS) |
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Definition
| A satellite-based navigation system providing extremely accurate position, time, and speed information |
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Term
| Geographic Information Systems (GIS) |
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Definition
| Consists of hardware, software, and data that provide location information for display on a multidimensional map |
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Term
| Location-based services (LBS) |
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Definition
| applications that use location information to provide a service |
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Term
| Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) |
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Definition
A wireless security protocol to protect Wi-Fi networks.
Anyoen who wants to use an acces point must know the WPA encryption key to acces the Wi-Fi connection |
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Term
| Telecommunication systems |
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Definition
| Enable the transmission of data over public or private networks |
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Term
|
Definition
| A communications system created by linking two or more deviceand establishing a standard methodology by which they can communicate |
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Term
|
Definition
| designed to connect a group of computers in clost proximity to each other such as in an offcie building, a school, or a home |
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Term
|
Definition
| Spans a large geogrpahic area, such as a state, province or country |
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Term
| Metropolitan area network (MAN) |
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Definition
| A large computer netwrok usually spanning a city |
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Term
| A network typeicall includes four things: |
|
Definition
1) Protocol
2) Netowrk interface card (NIC)
3) cable
4) hub |
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Term
| Networks are differentiated by the following: |
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Definition
1) architecture
2) topology - bus, star, ring, hybrid, wireless
3) protocols
4) media |
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Term
|
Definition
| A computer designed to request information from a server |
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Term
|
Definition
| A computer dedicated to providing information in response to requests |
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Term
|
Definition
| A model for applications in which the build of the back-end processing, such as performing a physical search of a database, takes palce on a server, while the frontend processing, which involves communication with the users, is handled by clients |
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Term
| Netowrk operating systems (NOS) |
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Definition
| The operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers and manging security and users |
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Term
A fundamental part of client/server architecture is packet-switching.
What is packet-switching? |
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Definition
| Occurs when the sending computer divides a message into a number of efficiently sized units of data called packets, each of which contains the address of the destination computer |
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Term
|
Definition
| An intelligent connecting devicethat examines each packet of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward towards its destination |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the geometric arrangment of the actual physical organization of the computers (and other network devices) in a network |
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Term
|
Definition
A standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission.
Simple put, for one computer (or computer program) to talk to another computer (or computer program) they must be talking the same language, adn this language is called a protocol |
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Term
|
Definition
The capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though tehy are made by differeny manufacturers.
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Term
|
Definition
| A physical and data layer technology for LAN networking |
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Term
| Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) |
|
Definition
| provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large number of private networks |
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|
Term
| Transmission control protocol (TCP) |
|
Definition
| provides trasnport funciton, ensureing, among other things, that the amoung of data received is the same as the amount transmitted |
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Term
|
Definition
| Provides the addressing and routing mechanism that acts as a postmaster |
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Term
| Internet protocl version 6 (IPv6) |
|
Definition
| The "next gerneration" protocol designed to replace the current version Internet protocol, IP version 4 (IPv4) |
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Term
| Network transmission media |
|
Definition
Refers to the various types of media used to carry the signal between computers.
The two types of transmission media are wire (guided) and wireless (unguided) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and will behave predictably |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to a type of cable composed of four (or more) copper wires twisted around each other writhing a plistic sheath |
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Term
|
Definition
| A cable that can carry a wide range of frequencies with low signal loss |
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Term
| Fiber-Optic (or optical fiber) |
|
Definition
| Refers to the technology associated with the transmission of information as light impulses along a glass wire or fiber |
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Term
|
Definition
| Natural parts of the Earth's environment that can be used as physical paths to carry electrical signals |
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Term
|
Definition
| Maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (trasaction), people (employees), and places (warehouses) |
|
|
Term
| Database management system (DBMS) |
|
Definition
| creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security |
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Term
|
Definition
| The logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elemetns using graphics or pictures |
|
|
Term
| Relational database model |
|
Definition
| Stores informaton in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables |
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Term
| Entity-relationship diagram (ERD) |
|
Definition
| A technique for documenting the entities and relationships in a database environment |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stores information about a perosn, place, thing, transaciton, or event |
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Term
|
Definition
| The data elements associated with an entity |
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Term
|
Definition
| Means having only a single value of each attribute of an entity. A person's age is an example of a single-valued attribute becasue a person cannto have more than one age |
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Term
|
Definition
Means having the potential to contain more than one value for an attribute.
For example, and education degree of a person is a multi-valued attribute becasue a person can have more than one degree |
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Term
|
Definition
| Assigned to an attribute when no other value applies or when a value is unknown |
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Term
|
Definition
| A statement that defines an aspect of a business |
|
|
Term
| what are the three basic types of entity relationships? |
|
Definition
1) one-to-one
2) one-to-many
3) many-to-many |
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|
Term
| One-to-one relationship (1:1) |
|
Definition
| relationship between to entities in which an instance of one entity can be related to only one instance of a related entity |
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Term
| One-to-many relationship (1:M) |
|
Definition
| Between two entities in which an instance of one entity can be related to many instances of a related entity |
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Term
| Many-to-many relationship (M:N) |
|
Definition
| between two entities in which an instance of one entity is related to many instances of another and one instance of the other can be related to many instances of the first entity |
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Term
|
Definition
| Entites that exist to represent the relationship between two other entiteis |
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Term
|
Definition
Expresses the specific number of instances in an entity.
In the Chen model, the cardinality is indicated by places numbers beside the entities in the format of (x,y). The first number of the cardinality represent the minimum value and the second number is for the maximum value. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Composed of rows and columbs that represent an entity |
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Term
|
Definition
| A characteristic of a table |
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Term
|
Definition
| A collection of realted data elements |
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Term
|
Definition
A field (or groups of fields), that uniquely identifies a fiven record in a table.
A primary key makes it possible to uniquely identify every record in a table.
Example: Using a Customer Number as a primary key states tha no two customers will ever have the same number |
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|
Term
| What is the proper notation to use when documenting the primary key? |
|
Definition
UNDERLINE IT
Example: CUSTOMER (Customer Number, First Name, Last Name, Phone Number) |
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Term
|
Definition
When a table contains a field that is the same as the primary key of antoher table, it is called a foreign key.
Foreign Key: a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical realtionship between the two tables. |
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