Term
| T/F Acute inflammation is a macrophage response that can last hours to days while chronic inflammation is a lymphocytic response that can last days to years. |
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Definition
| F acute inflammation is a neutrophilic response not macrophage |
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Term
| T/F it is required to activate TNF, IL-1 and/or bacterial LPS in order to initiate cell rolling? |
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Definition
| True...activation of these cytokines upregulate P and E-selectin in order to find adhesion of the ligand and the endothelial cell |
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Term
| T/F A leukocyte can passively transmigrate through intercellular junctions due to flexibility of the cell? |
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Definition
| F. In order for transmigration of a leukocyte to occur there must be degradation of the basement membrane or an exogneous chemoattractant (gradient of IL8 or fMLP) is present and the leukocyte is small. This is the difference between leaukocyte driven transmigration and inflammation driven (which is the hallmark of inflammtion) |
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Term
| T/F Inflammation can not cause damage and disease to the human body? |
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Definition
| F. It can, although mostly protective, it is not always. |
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Term
| What are the 6 causes for increased permeability of acute inflammation? |
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Definition
| endothelial cell contraction, endothelial cell retraction, endothelial cell injury, leukocyte edothelial cell injury, increased transcytosis, leakage from new blood vessels |
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Term
| T/F Endothelial cell retraction is mediated by multiple inflammatory mediators and is short-lived? |
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Definition
| F. Endothelial cell retraction and contraction are mediated by multiple inflammatory mediators (contraction by histamine, BK,LK and retraction by IL and TNF) and both affect small post-capillary venules but contraction is short lived and immediate while retraction is longer lived and occurs after 4-6 hours after injury |
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Term
| What are the components of the immune system of the periodontium? |
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Definition
| junctional epithelium, GCF and WBC |
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Term
| Junctional epitelium blocks infiltration of WBC's to the gingival sulcus? T/F |
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Definition
| F. It actually allows infiltration |
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Term
| What is the importance of the chemotactic proteins produced by the juctional epithelium? |
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Definition
| These are pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-8 which help to attract cellular rolling |
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Term
| Explain what chemotaxis is |
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Definition
| A process in which neutrophils follow a chemical gradient to migrate to the inflammatory focus |
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Term
| What are the endogenous and exogenous chemoattractants (not endogenous/exogenous antioxidants)? |
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Definition
| Exogenous: microbial products (LPS, fMLP); used to create a chemical gradient for transmigration Endogenous: complement proteins,arachidonic acid metabolites and cytokines (IL-8) |
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Term
| Explain the steps after neutrophils are activated by chemotactic agents via surface receptors |
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Definition
| Ligand binds to G-protein, GDP to GTP, separates into yb subunit and a-subunit, GTP then activates PLC which splits into DAG & IP3, IP3 increases Ca++,DAG activates PKC which phosphorylates intracellular proteins,Ca++ flux and protein phosphorylation leads to: degranulation,AA metabolism, triggers oxidative burst, adhesion molecule regulation and pod formation |
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Term
| ROS is a form used for oxygen independent killing and degradation T/F |
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Definition
| F..it is a form of oxygen dependent |
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Term
| What is least likely to be found in inflamed gingiva near the junctional epitelium except: 1.) Defensins 2.)MMP 3.) serine proteases 4.)ROS 5.) Lactoferrin |
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Definition
| 4.) ROS ....mostly oxygen dependent |
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Term
| Tell me the difference between cell-derived mediators and plasma derived mediators? |
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Definition
| cell-derived are newly synthesized or stored in intracellular granules while plasma-derived circulate in INACTIVE forms and undergo proteolytic cleavage to become active |
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Term
| What 2 vasoactive amines induce endothelial contraction and endothelial gaps and what are there differences? |
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Definition
| histamine, which is secreted into the tissues via mast cell stimulation and serotonin, which is distributed via platelet aggregation (not neuropeptides which act like vasoactive amines to initiate inflammation--subtance P--from nerve fibers and stimulates pain). All three are chemical mediators |
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Term
| There are 3 pro-inflammatory protein factors in plasma that are also chemical mediators. What are these circulating proteases, what do they have in common and what is the end result of each? |
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Definition
| Kinin system, ending in Bradykinin, Clotting system, ending in plasmin and fibrin and the complement cascade leading to activated complement components (C3a and C5a). They are all linked to factor XII activation. |
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Term
| T/F the classical pathway does not require Ab to Ag recognition? |
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Definition
| F. The classical pathway DOES require it, while the alternate pathway does not. |
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Term
| T/F NSAIDS block arachidonic acid? |
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Definition
| F. NSAIDS block prostaglandins, steroids block phospholipases which is the needed to make arachodonic acid. |
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Term
| What are the 3 messenger systems for cytokines? |
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Definition
| autocrine, paracrine, endocrine |
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