Term
| The cardinal signs of inflammation |
|
Definition
| Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dilution of pathogens, toxins
Killing/sequestering/degrading pathogens, foreign material, necrotic tissue, neoplastic cells
Providing wound healing factors
Restricting movement allowing time for repair
Increasing temperature to inhibit replication of pathogens |
|
|
Term
| Disadvantages of inflammation |
|
Definition
| Excessive and/or prolonged inflammatory response can be harmful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vascular effects (dilation and increased permeability)
Recruitment of leukocytes |
|
|
Term
| Cell Derived Inflammatory Controls |
|
Definition
Pre-formed mediators in secretory granules (Histamine and Seratonin)
Newly derived (Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Cytokines)
Platelets, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells |
|
|
Term
| Plasma Protein Derived Inflammatory Controls |
|
Definition
Complement activation (C3a, C5a [anaphalatoxins], C3b, C5b-9)
Factor XII activation (Kinin system, coag/fibrinolysis system)
gen. made in Liver, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Proteins of complement, kinin, and coagulation systems
Microbial products, necrotic material (PAMPs, DAMPs recognised by PRR) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vasoactive amine
mostly in mast cells (also basophils, plts)
Effects: dilation of arterioles, increased permeability of venules
Released by: physical injury, Antibody-binding, Complement fragments, Neuropeptides, Cytokines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vasoactive amine
Effects similar to histamine
Mainly in platelets and neuroendocrine cells
Release stimulated by platelet aggregation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eicosanoids
Derived from AA in cell membrane
Lipoxygenase pathway
Effects on: vasculature (permeability, constriction), chemotaxis, smooth muscle (bronchospasm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eicosanoids
Derived from AA in cell membrane
Cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway
Have effects on: vasculature (dialation), platelets, smooth muscle, chemotaxis, Pain / fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eicosanoids
Derived from AA in cell membrane
Lipoxygenase pathway
INHIBITORS of inflammation (particularly inhibit leukocyte recruitment) |
|
|
Term
| Complement System functions |
|
Definition
Inflammation: C3a and C5a (anaphylotoxins) released, histamine release from mast cells, increased vascular permeability & vasodilation
Phagocytosis: C3b act as opsonins and promote phagocytosis
Cell lysis: Deposition of MAC on cells, lysis of cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Kinin and coagulation sytems are intimately connected
Kinins: vasoactive peptides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Begins with factor XII activation
Culminates with activation of thrombin and production of fibrin
Inflammation promotes clotting
Thrombin promotes inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Hageman factor (factor XIIa) |
|
Definition
Activated Hageman factor (factor XIIa) initiates four systems involved in the inflammatory response:
(1) the kinin system, which produces vasoactive kinins;
(2) the clotting system, which induces formation of thrombin which has inflammatory properties;
(3) the fibrinolytic system, which produces plasmin and degrades fibrin to produce fibrinopeptides, which induce inflammation; and
(4) the complement system, which produces anaphylatoxins and other mediators. |
|
|
