Term
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Definition
| the sequential reaction to cell injury; it neutralizes and dilutes the inflammatory agent, removes necrotic materials, and establishes an environment suitable for healing and repair |
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Term
inflammation is ______ present with infection, but infection is ____ with inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| phases of inflammatory response |
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Definition
- vascular response
- cellular response
- formation of exudate
- healing
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Term
| Vascular response in inflammation |
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Definition
vasoconstriction>histamine released>vasodilation;hyperemia>capillary permeability>fluid into tissue spaces(exudate)>oncotic pressure from proteins pulls more fluid>edema>fibrinogen leaves blood>turns to fibrin>forms clot>traps bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| neutrophils and monocytes move to inner surface of capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| directional migration of WBC along a concentration gradient of chemotactic factors (substances that attract leukocytes to the site of inflamm. |
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Term
| what are the first leukocytes to arrive? and what do they do? |
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Definition
| NEUTROPHILS; phagocytize bacteria, foreign material and other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| increased # of band (immature) neutrophils in circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd type of phagocytic cell; eat the debris! |
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Term
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Definition
| humoral and cell-mediated immunity |
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Term
| what are the major functions of the complement system? |
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Definition
| enhanced phagocytosis, increased vascular permeability, chemotaxis, and cellular lysis |
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Term
| exudate consists of _____and fluid that move from circulation; the nature and quality depend on the ___and ___ of the injury and tissues involved |
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Definition
| leukocytes; type and severity |
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Term
| what are the local manifestations of inflamm? |
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Definition
| redness, heat, pain, swelling, loss of fxn |
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Term
| what are the benefits of fever? |
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Definition
| increased killing of microorganisms, increased phagocytosis by neutrophils, and increased proliferation of T cells |
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Term
| what are the basic types of inflamm? |
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Definition
- acute: 2-3 wks, no residual damage
- subacute: lasts longer than acute
- chronic: weeks, months or yrs
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Term
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Definition
| is the replacement of lost cells and tissues with cellsof the same type |
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Term
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Definition
healing as a result of lost cells being repalced by connective tissue (more common and results in scars) |
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Term
what are the phases of Primary intention? |
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Definition
- initial
- granulation
- maturation and scar contraction
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Term
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Definition
| initial phase: 3-5 days; edges first aligned & sutured in place>incision fills with blood and clots form>acute iflamm occurs>macrophages digest cellular debris, fibrin fragments, and RBCs |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 days to 3wks; fibroblasts migrate and secrete collagen>collagen gets organized and restructured to create scar tissue>surface epithelium regenerate and migrates across the wound>thickens and matures>normal skin! |
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Term
| maturation/scar contraction phase |
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Definition
| overlaps with granulation; 7 days to yrs later; collagen organizes>remodeling occurs>fibroblasts disappears as wound becomes stronger>movement of myofibroblasts causes contraction of healing area helping to close it |
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Term
what are the differences between primary intention and secondary intention? |
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Definition
| greater defect and gaping wound edge |
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Term
| how can wounds be classified? |
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Definition
- cause (surgical/nonsurgical/acute/chronic)
- depth (superficial/partial thickness/full thickness)
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Term
| how deep does a superficial wound go? |
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Definition
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Term
| how deep does a partial-thickness wound go? |
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Definition
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Term
| how deep does a full thickness wound go? |
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Definition
| subcutaneous/fascia/muscle/tendon/bone |
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Term
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Definition
trauma, ulceration, and infection and have large amounts of exudate and wide, irregular wound margins w/ extensive tissue loss |
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Term
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Definition
| wound margins neatly approximated |
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Term
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Definition
| healing occurs with delayed suturing of a wound in which two layers of granulation tissue are sutured together |
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Term
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Definition
| traumatic or surgical wound; possible presence of sersanuineous drainage, pink to bright or dark red healing or chronic wounds with granulating tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of slough or soft necrotic tissue; liquid to semiliquid slough with exudate ranging from creamy ivory to yellow-green |
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Term
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Definition
| black,grey,or brown adherent necrotic tissue; possible presence of purulent drainage |
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Term
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Definition
| inappropriately large, red, raised, and hard; remains to wound edges and regresses w/ time |
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Term
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Definition
| greater protrusion of scar tissue that extends beyond the wound edges and may form tumor-like masses; permanent, w/o any tendency to subside |
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Term
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Definition
| separation and disruption of previously joined wound edges |
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Term
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Definition
| bands of scar tissue btwn or around organs; may occur in abdominal cavity or btwn the lungs and pleura |
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Term
How would you care for someone wounded? |
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Definition
- drug therapy
- nutrition therapy
- watch vital signs
- watch for fever
- RICE (rest,ice,compression,elevation)
- infection control/pervention
- teaching
- debridement/negative pressure therapy
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Term
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Definition
| pressure exerted on the skin when it adheres to the bed and the skin layers slide in the direction of body movement |
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Term
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Definition
| localized area of tissue necrosis cause be unrelieved pressure that occludes blood flow to the tissues |
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