Term
| How old is Dante when the book begins? |
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Definition
| 35 (half life span of Biblical lifespan of 70 years) |
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Term
| What does the lion represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the she-wolf represent? |
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Definition
| incontinence (lack of self-control) |
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Term
| What two gifts does Dante believe God gave humans? |
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Definition
| free will and intellect (human reason) |
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Term
| hell is defined by Dante as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is Dante's guide through the scenes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first level of hell? Who resides there? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
The vestibule. the place for the indifferent (people who lack moral strength to form their own opinions). Their punishment is to wait and never learn their fate. They chase a wavering banner that can never be caught. people on earth will not remember them.
-Pope Celestine V, those who stood by and watched as Dante was put to exile |
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Term
| What is the first river of hell? How do you cross it? |
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Definition
| Acheron. Cross it by going across ferry chartered by Charon. Charon says he can't take Dante across because hes alive. Dante faints so he doesnt have to explain how he got across the River. |
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Term
| What is the one place in hell where there is light? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who resides in limbo? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| virtuous non-Christians, not baptized, but lived good lives. Punishment is simply a lack of hope that they will ever get to heaven (untormented grief=sad) |
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Term
| Who are the only people who have ever left limbo? |
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Definition
| Jewish Patriarchs (Abraham, Sarah, David, etc.) |
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Term
| Which poets also resides in limbo? |
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Definition
| Homer, Horace, Ovid, Lucan |
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Term
| What do the 7 gates symbolize? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Castle in Limbo has 3 groups of people. What are these three groups? |
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Definition
1. Heroes and heroines (Hector, Aeneas, Caesar, Electra)
2. Writers and Philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle)
3. Scientists and Naturalists (Euclid, Democritus) |
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Term
| Who resides in the second circle of hell? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| The lustful. Chased by a huge cyclone, remember past happiness and know they won't be happy in future. Semiramis, Cleopatra, Achilles, Helen, Paris |
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Term
| Who is the judge of hell? How does he indicate to which level of hell a person will be assigned? |
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Definition
| Minos. Wraps his tail around body to indicate level of hell--based on worst sin the person committed. |
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Term
| What does the bird imagery in the second level of hell indicate about the people stuck in this level? |
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Definition
| That lust may be the least offensive sin. Cranes, doves, and starlings are non-offensive animals, thererefore the lustful live in a very benign level of hell in terms of sin or punishment. |
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Term
| Who are Francesca and Paolo? What was their sin? |
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Definition
| Best known love story of the time of Dante. They were reading the story of Lancelot when they read a kissing scene. Kissed eachother. Book lead to affair. |
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Term
| Who resides in the third circle? What is their punishment? What beast attacks people in this level of hell? |
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Definition
| The Gluttonous. Punishment is to live as dogs and pigs (still in their human bodies though!) They live in a rainy, muddly, slushy garbage pit with a horrible smell. Cerberus is the three headed dog that attacks people. |
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Term
| Who is punished to the fourth circle of hell? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| The Avaricious (Greedy). Their punishment is to push a heavy boulder back and forth for eternity. The boulder represents wealth and the power it had over them. They thought only of money, not of God. |
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Term
| Who is punished to the fifth circle of hell? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| The wrathful (those who cannot control anger, those who pout). Their punishment is to fight each other for eternity. |
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Term
| What river is between the 5th and 6th circle? What type of people are buried below the water of this river? |
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Definition
| The river Styx (a foul-smelling, swamp). The sullen are buried in the mud of the Styx because they refused to see the light of God in life, and therefore will never see the light because they are buried under ground. |
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Term
| Who is punished to the 6th circle of hell? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| The Heretics (those who rebel against God, deny immortality). Their punishment is to live in an eternal grave in the morgue of God's wrath. They believed that the souls died with the body, so in hell they live in a vast cemetary with wide-open tombs. Soul surrounded by flames (flames represent wrath of God) |
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Term
| In the 6th circle, there is a wall of ___________? What does this wall represent. |
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Definition
| Wall of Dis (Satan). Represents the center of hell. |
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Term
| Why is there a huge jumble of rocks on the inner level of hell? |
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Definition
| The rocks came on Good Friday from the earthquake. Sinners cannot move from level to level because of the rocks. |
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Term
| Who is punished to the 7th circle of hell? What river is before this circle? |
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Definition
| Those who were violent. The Plegethon, the river of boiling blood. |
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Term
| Who is punished to the first ring of the 7th circle? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| Those who were violent against one's neighbor (tyrants, warmakers, assassins). Alexander the Great, Atila the Hun. Punishment is to be immersed in boiling blood for eternity, as the wallowed in blood during life on earth. Number of people they killed is equal to the level they are submerged in the blood. |
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Term
| Who is punished to the second ring of the 7th circle? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| Those who committed suicide (violence against onself). They wanted to separate their soul from their bodies, so their souls will be forever separated. When a soul is forced form body in suicide, the soul falls into the ground and forms into a tree. |
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Term
| Who is punished to the third ring of the 7th circle? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| Those who were violent against God or Nature (Blasphemy)---burning church, homosexuality. Souls in this ring lie on burning sand, which represents the anger of nature. Raining fire represents wrath of God. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for the 8th circle? |
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Definition
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Term
| 8th circle: Who are Panders and Seducers? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| 2 rows of them. Punishment is to be driven at an endless fast walk by horned demons who hurry them along with huge lashes. In life, they drove others to commit evil, so in hell they are goaded on as well. |
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Term
| 8th circle: Who are Flatterers? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| Brown-Nosers. Punishment is to live in a level of dung. |
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Term
| 8th circle: Who are Simonists? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| Those who sold ecclesiastical pardons as priests. This level is made up of tube-like holes, a baptisimal font upside down. Their punishment is to live upsides down in font (head first, feet on fire). In life, they made a mockery of holy office, so they are turned upside down in mockery of font. Fire is mockery of holy water of Baptism. |
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Term
| 8th circle: Who are Soothsayers? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| Prophets, those who tried to see the future. Their punishment is to be blind and to have their heads on backwards. |
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Term
| 8th circle: Who are Grafters? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| They are loansharks. They loaned money with large interest rates. There is a large river of Tar with money everywhere in this level. As souls move, covered in tar, and money sticks all over them. |
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Term
| 8th circle: Who are Hypocrites? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| They wear great robes of lead and walk eternally around Malebolge. Robes outside looked beautiful (shaped like monks habit), but on the inside lies the terrible weight (LEAD) of deceit |
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Term
| 8th circle: Who are Thieves? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| Thier punishment is to live in a pit of monstrous snakes who coil themselves over sinners like coils or rope. Thievery is reptillion (snake-like). |
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Term
| 8th circle: Who are False Counselors? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| Those who gave bad advice on purpose, told lies in order to manipulate, or were genius in speech (Odysseus). Their punishment is to move about endlessly hidden from view inside great flames of tongues (in tongues because false counselors had gliub tongues). They abused the gift of the Almighty, stole it from God, and worked in hidden ways, so they are stolen from sight in hell in tongues of flame. |
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Term
| 8th circle: Who are Sowers of Discord? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| Those who wanted to cause discord/angst (terrorists, those who frightened). Their sin in life was breaking apart what God had meant to be united, so they are ripped and torn throughout eternity. Their souls are hideously mutilated. After each mutilation, they must drag their body around pit. |
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Term
| 8th circle: Who are Counterfeiters and Falsifiers? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| They tried to manipulate senses in life by making a person see/hear/taste somethinf fake. Their punishment is an affliction of the senses (diseases of the eyes, ears, nose mouth) |
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Term
| What river lies in the 9th circle of hell? What are the four levels in the 9th circle? |
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Definition
| The Cocytus River (the Waste of Hell). Caina, Anternora, Ptolomea, and Judecca. |
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Term
| Who is punished to Caina? |
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Definition
| Those who betrayed their kin. For example, the two brothers who fought and killed each other will remain face to face throughout eternity. |
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Term
| Who is punished to Antenora? Who does Dante kick inadvertedly in this level? |
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Definition
| Those who betrayed their country. Dante kicks Bocca degli Abati, the man who won't tell Dante his name (doesn't want people on earth to know he is in hell). Someone screams Bocca's name: betrayal. Bocca begins catalogue of names who are in hell. |
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Term
| What two people worked together to overthrow the Prince of Pisa? What level of hell are they in now? What are their punishments for their sin? |
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Definition
| Ruggieri and Ugolino. Ruggieri had Ugolini and his four sons imprisoned after their conspiracy worked. Starved them to death in prison. Their punishment is for Ugolino to gnaw on the brain of Ruggieri as justice for Ruggieri starving Ugolini and his sons to death. |
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Term
| Who is punished to Ptolomea? What is their punishment? Who does Dante make a promise to in this level? |
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Definition
| Those who have betrayed their guests. The souls are in misery and want to weep, but cant because their tears freeze, submerged in ice. Dante promises Albergio to break free frozen tears. Albergio is still alive on earth, which implies that there are some sins so horrible that soul goes directly to hell and the demons take over body. Dante doesn't keep his promise to wipe teras. Reversal in hell...courtesy=to be rude. |
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Term
| Who is punished to Judecca? What is their punishment? |
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Definition
| Those who have betrayed their benefactors. These people are completely submerged under the ice. |
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Term
| Is Satan submereged in the ice? If so, how much? What does he look like? |
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Definition
| Half above ice. he has 3 different colored faces (red, peuk green, and black) 2 wings beneath each face (like bat wings) |
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