Term
vaginosis / vaginitis
prominent normal flora |
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Definition
lactobacillus
veillonella
mobiluncus
gardnerella vaginalis |
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Term
|
Definition
trichomas vaginalis
candida albicans (35% of all cases) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
vaginosis
(50% of all cases vaginitis and vaginosis) |
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Definition
mobiluncus
gardnerella vaginalis |
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Term
| KINDS OF VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS |
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Definition
--high mortality; high incidence of severe neurological sequelae
ARBOVIRUS: causes epidemic DIFFUSE encephalitis in summer/fall months
eastern equine encephalitis
western equine encephalitis
st.louis encephalitis
california encephalitis serogroup (laCross virus)
west nile encephalitis |
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Term
| AGENTS OF FOCAL VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS |
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Definition
HSV - sporadic, focal encephalitis all year round
rabies virus
polio virus |
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Term
|
Definition
cystitis
pyelonephritis
kidney stones
hematogenously acquired UTO |
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Term
AGENTS THAT CAUSE CYSTITIS
-acute uncomplicated cystitis in women |
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Definition
e.coli (mOST COMMON AGENT)
staphylococcus saprophyticus
klebsiella pneumoniae
proteus mirabilis
enterococcus
mixed infections
streptococcus agalactiae
SKEEPS |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE COMPLICATED UTI |
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Definition
e.coli (MOST COMMON AGENT OF COMPLICATED UTI)
enterococcus
pseudomonas aeruginosa
staphylococcus epidermidis
mixed infections
SEEP |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE CATHETER ASSOCIATED UTI |
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Definition
candida (MOST COMMON AGENT OF CATHETER UTI)
e.coli
mixed infections
others (viral agents, mycoplasma) |
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Term
AGENTS THATA CAUSE PYELONEPHRITIS
acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in women |
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Definition
E.COLI (MOST COMMON AGENT OF PYELONEPHRITIS)
proteus mirabilis
klebsiella pneumoniae
mixed infections
others (viral agents, mycoplasma)
KEMP |
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Term
AGENTS THAT CAUSE KIDNEY STONE
-produce urease |
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Definition
corynebacterium urealyticum
proteus mirabilis
klebsiella pneumoniae
staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE HEMATOGENOUSLY ACQUIRED UTI |
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Definition
s. aureus (MOST COMMON AGENT)
streptococci
candida spp |
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Term
| COMPLICATIONS OF UTI INFECTIONS |
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Definition
| bacteremia that leads to distributive shock |
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Term
| SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES |
|
Definition
syphillis
chancroid
gonorrhoeae
chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis
lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
genital herpes
cervical papillomas & condyloma acuminatum (external anogenital warts) |
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Term
| GENITAL ULCER DISEASES (STD) |
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Definition
syphillis
chancroid
lymphogranuloma venereum
genital herpes |
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Term
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
INFECTIONS |
|
Definition
meningitis
encephalitis
slow virus encephalitis diseases
meningoencephalitis/abscesses/mass lesions
peripheral nerve involvement
neurtoxic diseases |
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Term
| BACTERIAL AGENTS OF MENINGITIS (meningoencephalitis) |
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Definition
bacteria is most common cause of purulent/pyogenic meningitis. severe diagnosis, age-dependent etiology.
steptococcus pneumonia
neisseria meningitidis
haemophilus influenzae, type b
streptococcus agalactiae
e.coli
klebsiella pneumoniae
listeria monocytogenes
mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Term
| VIRAL AGENTS THAT CAUSE (ASEPTIC) MENINGITIS |
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Definition
mumps virus (can be immunized)
non-polio enteroviruses - ECHO virus, Coxsackie viruses, enteroviruses 68-71
HH6 and HH7
lympocytic choriomeningitis virus
arboviruses
HSV-2-mollaret's meningitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| tetanus mimics signs and symptoms of meningitis but tetanus is not meningitis, it is a neurotoxemia, like botulism |
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Term
| FUNGAL AGENT THAT CAUSES MENINGITIS |
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Definition
| cryptococcus neoformans var grubii |
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Term
| OTHER AGENTS OF ENCEPHALITIS |
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Definition
-enteroviruses: echovirus, coxsackie virus, enterovirus 68-71
-CMV -severe T cell suppressed (AIDS or transplant patient)
-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
-measles, mumps virus |
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Term
| BACTERIAL AGENTS OF ENCEPHALITIS |
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Definition
mycoplasma pneumoniae
listeria monocytogenes |
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Term
| FUNGAL AGENTS OF ENCEPHALITIS |
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Definition
| cryptococcus neoformans var grubii |
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Term
| SLOW VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS DISEASEES |
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Definition
-HIV-HIV1 associated cognitive/motor complex (AIDS dementia complex)
-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - polyomaviruses - papovirus; JCv virus, affects severe T cell suppressed/AIDs or transplant patients
-subacute, sclerosing panencephalopathy (caused by measles rubeola virus |
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Term
MENINGOENCEPHALITIS/ABSCESSES / MASS LESIONS
where do they occur? |
|
Definition
| epidural, subdural, brain parenchyma; focal seizures |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE BACTERIAL ABSCESSES |
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Definition
s. aureus
-anaerboic mixed infections
-listeria monocytogenes
MTB |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE FUNGAL ABSCESSES |
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Definition
Cryptococcosis - cryptococcus neoformans var grubii
-severe t cell suppression; AIDS / transplant patient |
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Term
| PROTOZOAN THAT CAUSE ABSCESSES |
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Definition
toxoplasmosis - toxoplasma gondii
amoebic meningoencphalitis |
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Term
| helminth AGENTS THAT CAUSE ABSCESSES |
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Definition
| neurocysticercosis - taenia solium |
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Term
| EBV ASSOCIATED MENINGOENCEPHALITIS |
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Definition
| primary CNS lymphoma or primary / metastic brain tumor |
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Term
| PERIPHERAL NERVE INVOLVEMENT IN CNS INFECTION |
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Definition
-guillian barre's syndrome
leprosy
botulism |
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Term
| GUILLIAN BARRE'S SYNDROME |
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Definition
| most common cause of generalized paralysis in US; caused by host's immune response to a mucosal infection of GIT (c. jejuni), RT (influenza virus, chlamydia), or upper GIT - chlamydia |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
tetanus - clostridium tetani
botulism - clostridium botulinuum |
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Term
| THINGS THAT CAN GO WRONG IN GIT |
|
Definition
gastritis
-afebrile watery diarrhea
-afebrile food borne disease
-afebrile intestinal protozoan disease
-diarrhea with or without fever and frank blood
-diarrhea with fever
-helminthic infestations |
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Term
|
Definition
esophagus and stomach - few organisms
duodenum and jejunum - sparse concentration of organisms
ileum - organisms qualitatively similar to tose in large intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
feces is 20% bacteria; over 100 species:
anaerobes - bacteroides, bifidobacterium, peptostreptococci
-there are coliforms (indicate fecal contamination)
-enterococci
-clostridium perfringens type A
-c. difficile
-group A and B streptococci |
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Term
|
Definition
Helicobacter pylori
-duodenal ulcers, gastric carcinoma, non-hodgkins' lymphoma of stomach |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE AFEBRILE WATERY DIARRHEA |
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Definition
vibrio cholerae
-enterotoxigenic e.coli ETEC
aeromonas
-staphylococcus aureus
-bacillus cereus
-clostridium perfringens type A
Giardia lamblia
-cryptosporidium parvum
-cyclospora |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE ONLY AFEBRILE WATERY DIARRHEA |
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Definition
vibrio cholerae
ETEC
aeromonas |
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Term
AGENTS THAT CAUSE AFEBRILE, FOOD BORNE DISEASE
-vomiting predominates |
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Definition
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Term
AGENTS THAT CAUSE AFEBRILE, FOOD BORNE DISEASE
-diarrhea predominates |
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Definition
-b. cereus
-c. perfringens type A |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE AFEBRILE, INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN DISEASES |
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Definition
-giardia lamblia
cryptosporidium parvum
-cyclospora cayetanensis
-enterocytozoan bienusi (microsporidian)
isospora belli |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE DIARRHEA WITH OR WITHOUT FEVER AND FRANK BLOOD |
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Definition
enterohemorrhagic e.coli
entamoeba histolytica
bacillus anthracis |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE ONLY DIARRHEA WITH/WITHOUT FEVER AND FRANK BLOOD |
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Definition
shigatoxin producing e.coli STEC
enterohemorrhagic e.coli EHEC
complications: hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
-STEC
-EHEC
-shigella dysenteriae |
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Term
AGENT THAT CAUSES AMEOBIC DYSENTERY / ACUTE AMEBIC COLITIS
-diarrhea with or without fever and frank blood |
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Definition
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Term
AGENT THAT CAUSES GASTROINTESTINAL ANTHRAX
-diarrhea with or without fever and frank blood |
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Definition
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE DIARRHEA WITH FEVER |
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Definition
clostridium difficile
rotavirus
norwalk virus
norovirus
enteric adenovirus
campylobacter jejuni
salmonella enteritidis group
shigella
yersinia enterocolitica
enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic e.coli
vibrio parahamolyticus
vibrio vulnificus |
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Term
AGENT THAT CAUSES ANTIBIOTIC ASSOCIATED COLITIS (AAC) OR PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
-diarrhea with fever |
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Definition
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Term
AGENTS THAT CAUSE VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS
-diarrhea with fever |
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Definition
rotavirus
norwalk virus
norovirus (norwalk-like)
enteric adenovirus
calicivirus
astroviruses
non-polio enteroviruses |
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE INVASIVE FEBRILE DIARRHEAL DISEASE |
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Definition
Shigella dysenteriae, flexneri, boydii, sonnei
enteroinvasive and pathogenic e.coli EIEC and EPEC
campylobacter jejuni
yersisnia enterocolitica
salmonella enteritidis group typhimurium
vibrio parahaemolyticus, vulnificus
amoebic dysentery/acute amebic colitis - entamoeba histolytica |
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Term
| COMPLICATIONS OF INVASIVE FEBRILE DIARRHEAL DISEASE |
|
Definition
reactive arthritis
pseudoappendicitis
hemolytic uremic syndrome
guillian barre's syndrome
extraintestinal amoebiases |
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Term
AGENTS THAT CAUSE REACTIVE ARTHRITIS
-polyarthritis assoicated with HLA B27 |
|
Definition
shigella
campylobacter jejuni
yersinia enterocolitica
salmonella enteritidis group |
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Term
AGENTS THAT CAUSE PSEUDOAPPENDICITIS
-complication of invasive febrile diarrhea |
|
Definition
yersinia enterocolitica
campylobacter jejuni
salmonella enteritidis group typhimurium |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| AGENTS THAT CAUSE GUILLIAN BARRE'S SYNDROMEq |
|
Definition
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Term
| AGENT THAT CAUSES EXTRAINTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HELMINTHIC AGENT THAT CAUSES NON DIARRHEAL, NON INVASIVE PARASITIC INFESTATION
-TAPEWORMS (CESTODES) |
|
Definition
dyphillobothrium latum
taenia solium and t. saginata
HUMAN ARE INTERMEDIATE HOST AND NOT DEFINITIVE HOST IN echinococcus |
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Term
HELMINTHIC AGENT THAT CAUSES NON DIARRHEAL, NON INVASIVE PARASITIC INFESTATION
-ROUNDWORMS (NEMATODES) |
|
Definition
pinworm - enterbius vermicularis
whipworm - trichuris trichiuria
HUMANS ARE INTERMEDIATE HOST AND NOT DEFINITIVE HOST IN: baylisascaris procyonis and toxocaria cannis and T. cati |
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Term
| HELMINTHIC AGENT THAT CAUSES NON DIARRHEAL, INVASIVE, PARASITIC INFECTIONS |
|
Definition
roundworms:
ascaris lumbricoides
hoodworms:
ancylostoma duodenale
necator americanus
stronyloides stercoralis |
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