Term
| What is the most common cause of acute infectious diarrhea? |
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Definition
VIRUSES
- Noroviruses
- Calicivirus
- Norwalk
- Enteric adenoviruses
- Rotavirus |
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Term
| What are the typical causes of non-inflammatory bacterial diarrhea? |
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Definition
1) Vibrio spp.
2) ETEC, EPEC
3) S. Aureus
4) B. Cereus
5) C. Perfringes |
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Term
| What are the typical agents of bacterial inflammatory diarrhea? |
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Definition
1) C. Diff
2) Shigella
3) Salmonella
4) Campylobacter |
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Term
| Bloody diarrhea without fecal neutrophils? |
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Definition
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Term
Travel to South/Central America, get diarrhea, organism?
Travel to far east? |
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Definition
1) ETEC, EIEC
2) Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella |
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Term
E. Coli (0157: H7)
1) Syndrome?
2) Characterized by?
3) Who?
4) How?
5) Mortality rate? |
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Definition
1) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
2) MAHA, renal failure, thrombocytopenia
3) children < 5 y.o.
4) Circulating SHIGA toxin
5) ~ 5% |
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Term
Most common cause of food-borne associated death in US?
Why? |
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Definition
| SALMONELLA - tendency to produce bacteremia with widespread seeding potential. |
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Term
| Most Common cause of Guillan-Barre syndrome? What subtype most commonly associated? What else can this subtype cause? |
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Definition
1) C. Jejuni
2) O:19
3) Enteropathic arthropathy - patients with HLA-B27 |
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Term
- What two serotypes of Vibrio are the principal causes of the cholera?
- Laboratory diagnosis?
|
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Definition
- V. Cholerae O1
- V. Cholerae O139
- Plating on selective media - TCBS agar (thiosulfate, citrate, bile salt, sucrose agar)
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Term
- What is the most common cause of food-borne illness in Japan?
- What kinds of infections does it cause?
- Who is at risk for fatal complications? |
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Definition
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- Gastronenteritis, would infections
- Would infections ---> septicemia, esp. in diabetics, alcoholics
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Term
- Vibrio species causing food-borne illness or wound infections in those with hepatic disease or immunodeficiency?
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Definition
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Term
- Organism associated with infectious diarrhea and distal ileitis mimicking appendicitis?
- Virulence factor?
- Very common where?
- How do you get it?
- Associated with _____ as with Campy infection
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Definition
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- pYV virulence plasmid (DNA based assays avail)
- Northern europe
- Contaminated pork, water
- Post-infectious arthritis
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Term
| Bacterial organism spread among close contacts? (i.e day care centers, military barracks..)Why? Major cause of _____ |
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Definition
| Salmonella, very small inoculum required for infection, major cause of dysentery |
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Term
- Organism which produces "flask-shaped ulcers"?
- Esp. in which part of the colon?
- Why does stool microscopy have a low specificity?
- Which test has a very high sens./spec.?
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Definition
- E. Histolytica
- Right colon
- morphologically identical, but non-pathogenic E. dispar
- Stool EIA
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Term
| Common causes of pediatric viral gastroenteritis in order of decreasing frequency? |
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Definition
- Rotavirus
- Enteric adenoviruses
- Coronavirus
- Astrovirus
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Term
| Most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in adults? |
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Definition
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Term
- How is Norwalk virus transmitted?
- Anything special about clinical presentation?
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Definition
- Food-borne
- Close Contact (very small inoculum required)
- Tends to occur in outbreaks
- Tends to have N/V as prominent component
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Term
| Agents unique to infectious diarrhea in AIDS? |
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Definition
- Cryptosporidium
- Microsporidium
- Isospora
- Cyclospora
- CMV
- MAI
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Term
| Purposes of stool microscopy? |
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Definition
- Determine whether leukocytes are present
- Search for ova and parasites
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Term
| What test can substitute for a microscopic search for leukocytes? |
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Definition
| Stool lactoferrin test (product of neurophils) |
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Term
| What organisms is routine stool culture capable of isolating? |
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Definition
- O157:H7
- Campy
- Shigella
- Salmonella
- Routine testing for C. Diff in comm.acquired diarrhea, always in hospital acquired
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