Term
Rubeola
- what is it
- how spread
- 4 symptoms |
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Definition
measles virus
respiratory droplets
(4 "C's") cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots
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Term
Describe the rash in Rubeola
- color
- dispersion
- blanching?
- spread |
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Definition
Initially discrete reddish
lesions that blanch
lesions quickly merge together and
ultimately become brownish
rash spreads cephalocaudally (from head->down)
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Term
| 3 possible complications of Rubeola |
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Definition
otitis media
pneumonia due to virus (giant cell pneumonitis) or bacterial superinfection
encephalitis
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Term
| 2 ways to prevent Rubeola infection |
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Definition
immune serum globulin
live attenuated virus vaccine |
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Term
Rubella virus
- what it causes
- spread
- 3 symptoms |
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Definition
German measles
spread via respiratory droplets
–lymphadenopathy
–polyarthralgia
- rash is milder and more rapid (“three day measles”)
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Term
| 3 possible complications of german measles |
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Definition
- congenital rubella (ophthalmologic, cardiac, auditory, neurologic) aka eyes, ears, head, heart
- encephalitis
- thrombocytopenia |
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Term
| 2 ways to prevent German measles infection |
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Definition
–immune serum globulin
–live attenuated virus vaccine |
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Term
Roseola
- aka ___
- 2 microbes that cause it
- spread
- 2 main symptoms |
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Definition
- aka exanthem subitum
- From human herpesvirus 6 and 7
- spread via close contact
- high fever in young infant followed by erythematous maculopapular rash |
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Term
| 2 complications from a Roseola infection |
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Definition
- Febrile seizures
- In immunocompromised pt.: hepatitis, bone marrow suppression, encephalitis, etc. |
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Term
Fifth disease
- aka ___
- microbe that causes it
- how spread |
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Definition
- aka erythema infectiosum
- by parvovirus B19
- spread via respiratory secretions |
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Term
| 2 symptoms of Fifth disease & describe the timing of each |
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Definition
–flu-like illness followed 7 -10 days later by
–facial rash -“slapped cheek”
–symmetric maculopapular, lace-like rash
–spreads from extremities to trunk |
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Term
How Fifth disease manifests
- in utero
- in adults
- in chronic hemolytic anemia
- in immunodeficiency |
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Definition
–in utero infection -fetal hydrops (extreme edema) and death
–in adults -arthritis
–in chronic hemolytic anemia -aplastic crisis
–in immunodeficiency -chronic anemia |
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Term
Chickenpox
- what microbe causes it
- 2 methods of spread |
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Definition
varicella-zoster virus
spread via direct contact or respiratory secretions |
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Term
| Describe progression of the rash in chickenpox |
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Definition
–progresses cephalocaudally (head->down)
–papules, vesicles and crusted lesions (different stages) all present at the same time |
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Term
| How to diagnose chickenpox (via a lab) besides the usual detection of IgM antibodies or fourfold rise in IgG antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
Treat chickenpox with ___
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Definition
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Term
| Prevent chickenpox with ___ |
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Definition
| live attenuated virus vaccine |
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Term
| List some possible complications of chickenpox (8 in all) |
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Definition
–bacterial cellulitis
–thrombocytopenia
–arthritis
–encephalitis or meningitis
–hepatitis
–glomerulonephritis
–pneumonia
–fetal infection |
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Term
| 3 drugs to treat shingles (herpes zoster) and why you would want to treat it |
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Definition
–intraveneous acyclovir
–valacyclovir orally
–famciclovir orally
***prevents post-herpetic neuralgia*** |
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Term
Smallpox
- microbe that causes it
- how spread |
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Definition
variola virus
spread via respiratory droplets
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Term
| Describe the progression of smallpox before the rash appears |
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Definition
1-2 days fever and myalgia
then 12-14 day incubation |
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Term
Give the 4 step progression for the features of the smallpox rash
Give the 5 steps of spread of the rash (what parts of the body) |
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Definition
papules -> vesicles-> pustules ->scabs (all lesions look the same at the same time)
mouth->face->arms->trunk->legs |
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Term
| How to treat smallpox (2) |
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Definition
vaccine within 4 days of exposure (lessens or prevents illness)
cidofovir active in vitro
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Term
| How to proceed if smallpox is suspected (2) |
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Definition
notify health department
isolate patient and garments |
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Term
| How to treat herpes "cold sore" |
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Definition
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Term
| How to treat cutaneous herpes infection |
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Definition
cutaneous herpes -oral valacyclovir or
IV acyclovir |
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Term
| 2 specific viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease |
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Definition
–coxsackievirus A16
–enterovirus 71 |
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Term
Molluscum contagiosum
- what microbe causes it
- how spread
- what it looks like |
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Definition
- unclassified poxvirus
- spread by direct contact (can spread like crazy in AIDS)
- discrete, papular, waxy skin lesions with central umbilication |
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Term
| How to diagnose Molluscum contagiosum |
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Definition
| clinical + see intracytoplasmic inclusions |
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Term
| How to treat Molluscum contagiosum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Second disease is aka ___ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fourth disease is aka ___ |
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Definition
| Scarlet Fever from Staph. or Boston Fever from enterovirus |
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Term
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Definition
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