Term
| Microorganisms on skin (2) |
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Definition
| Staphylococcus and streptococcus |
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Term
| Microorganisms on oral cavity (3) |
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Definition
| Streptococcus, neisseria, haemophilus |
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Term
| Microorganisms on large intestine and rectum (1) |
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Definition
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Term
| Microorganism on genital tract (1) |
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Definition
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Term
| Microorganisms on urinary tract (3) |
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Definition
Fungi: canida
Bacteria: staphyloccucs and streptococcus |
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Term
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Definition
| Comes from breast milk, protects the baby from intestinal disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes an organism's ability to cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
Measue of how severe disease is
Due to virulence factors, any characteristic of a microorganism which helps cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
The minimum number of bacteria required to cause disease
- Low ID=High virulence |
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Term
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Definition
The minimum number of bacteria required to cause disease
- Low ID=High virulence |
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Term
Antiphagocytic factors
- Capsule
- Leukocidins |
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Definition
- Prevents phagocytosis
- WBC toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes secreted by the microbe to cause damage to host cells. They promote the movement of microbes deeper into host tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by live cells (gram + or gram -); highly toxic in small amounts |
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Term
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Definition
Example- lipopolysaccharide
Released by dead Gram - bacteria; toxic in large amounts; fever associated |
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Term
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Definition
Long-term damage to tissues or organs
Example- polio produce paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease has a steady frequency over a long period of time in one region |
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Term
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Definition
| Few cases over a wide area |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in incidence in population clusters |
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Term
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Definition
| Epidemic over many countries |
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Term
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Definition
| A sudden increase in incidence |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary habitat in the natural world where a pathogen is found |
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Term
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Definition
| Infected but show no symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Infected and spread disease during the incubation period
Example- HIV |
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Term
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Definition
| Infected, recuperating from disease, but still able to shed microbe |
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Term
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Definition
Infected, recovers frlom disease but can still spread disease for a long period of time
Example- herpes and hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who picks up a pathogen from one person and gives it to another |
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Term
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Definition
Participates in the pathogen's life cycle
- The biological vector itself becomes infected with the pathogen
- THe pathogen is transmitted via bites, defection
Example- mosquito |
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Term
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Definition
Does not participate in the pathogen's life cycle
- Mechanical vector is not infected with the pathogen
Example- housefly |
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Term
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Definition
Soil and water: transmit bacteria, protozoa, helminths, fungi
Includes spores, cysts, ova, and larvae |
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Term
| Communicable acquisition and transmission |
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Definition
Infected host transmits an infectious agent to another host
- Receiving host must become infected
- Contagious: highly communicable infectious disease |
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Term
| Non-communicable acquisition and transmission |
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Definition
| The host acquires the infectious agent from self (normal microbiota invade immunocompromised host) or a non-living reservoir such as the soil |
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Term
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Definition
Disease is spread through a population from one infected person to another
Example- kissing, sneezing, etc |
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Term
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Definition
Disease is transmitted from parent to offspring
Example- ovum, sperm, placenta, milk |
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Term
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Definition
Transmission via airborne droplets
- Occurs when bacteria or viruses travel on droplets that people sneeze, cough, drip, or exhale
- Travel about 3ft
- Remain infectious for hours
- Examples: cold, flu, strep throat |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect transmission of disease
- Any inanimate object capable of carrying pathogens and transmitting them from one person to another
(examples are mops, surgical supplies, toys, makeup, drinking glasses) |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect transmission of disease
- Created when microscopic residue dries up in mucus and saliva. Can be transmitted when coughing or talking (big droplets settle, but droplet nuclei remain airborne) |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect transmission of disease
- Dust or moisture particles that contain microorganisms
Example- psittacosis |
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Term
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Definition
Transmission by an inanimate reservoir that allows growth of the bacteria to occur (food and water)
- Fecal oral transmission route- sewage contaminated drinking water, shellfish swimming in infected water, improper handwashing by food service workers |
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Term
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Definition
Infections that are acquired or developed from a hospital stay
- There are a high prevalence of drug-resistant microbes in hospitals |
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