Term
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Definition
| Emphasizes hierarchical leadership, exclusive participation, and the use of strength, speed, and power to push human limits and dominate opponents in a quest for success |
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Term
| Pleasure and Participation |
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Definition
-Emphasizes active participation
-a spirit of personal expression
-democratic decision making
-and a focus on participating and competing with others who are seen as partners, not competitors. |
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Term
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Definition
Deffinition: a process of learning and social development, which occurs as we interact with one another and bocome familiar with teh socail world in which we live
Structual: Institutionalized, written rules, What is availible? equipment, arenas, coaches, competition (economy) (money)
Cultural: Location, Nationality, Race, Gender, Family (Colorado=Ski, California= surfing, Barrington=football)
(enviornment) |
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Term
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Definition
Sport as a place for (upward) class mobility
Example: sport is tied to education |
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Term
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Definition
| a hopeful vision of boundless opportunities for individuals to succeed economically and live a happy life based on consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| a society in which rewards go to people who deserve them due to their abilities and qualifications |
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Term
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Definition
| Bioligical parts determaning male or female |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychological, social and cultural aspects of individuals. What it means to be masculine, feminine or androgynous in terms of role performance, personality structure, attitudes and behaviors. Achieved status. |
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Term
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Definition
| The way in which people express themselves sexually. This can be related to fantasies, desires, attractions, experiences or behaviors. Sexuality can also refer to the way in which on self-identifies with available categories (i.e., lesbian, gay, queer, bisexual, heterosexual, etc.). |
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Term
| Where do you see evidence of the "Power and Performance" model within youth sport? Pleasure and Participation model? How does the "Power and Performance" model of youth sport relate to inequality in American Sport? |
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Definition
"Power and Performance":Pushing young athletes physically and mentally risking physical well being for sport
"Pleasure and Participation": Emphasis on connection between people and mind/body participating WITH not against others
Ex: Increase focus on development of individual athletes in "Power and Performance" model occurs within private (Private lessons, not same opportunities due to class)
(Kids are investmenst who "make it") |
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Term
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Definition
| A CONDITION that limits a persons full participation in social or pysical enviornments |
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Term
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Definition
a social condition created when accommodations in social or physical contexts ARE NOT made to follow the full participtaion of people with physical or intellectual impairments
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Term
What is the difference between an impairment and a disability?
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Definition
Difference: Disability is a socially construed consequence of an impairment. Impairment does not become a disability unless a society does not accommodate
Ex: Wheel chair- impairment
No ramps- disablity |
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Term
| Why are disabilities both hidden and visible unlikely to be seen in the world of sport? |
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Definition
-stigma
-fear
-lack of publicity of disability sport
-lack of opportunities for disability sport |
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Term
| Sport Participation is related to three factors |
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Definition
1. A person’s abilities, characteristics, and resources
2. The influence of significant others,
3. The availability of opportunities to play sports in ways that are personally satisfying |
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Term
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Definition
• Approaches research via an attempt to weigh the
impact of various identity categories
• Gender
• Gender + Race
• Gender + Race + Class |
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Term
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Definition
Approaches research with belief that individuals are
affected separately by their gender, their race, their
ethnicity or their class.
• Gender or
• Race or
• Class |
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Term
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Definition
• Intersectionality looks at how diversity and various
systems of inequality intersect and interact to shape
individual identities and opportunities.
Intersectionality requires that we consider all
categories of diversity with respect to one’s identity. |
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Term
| Provide and example from lecture that illustrates the importance of using Intersectional approach |
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Definition
Jennifer Harris (Penn State)
Discriminated against due to Gender, sexuality, race, and class |
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Term
Describe a "common scence" narrative from "Standing Tall"
Now use 2 course concepts to provide a "counter-narrative" of your narrative |
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Definition
1.Sport as tool of social (class) mobility
2.Reality of social calss reproduction and sponsored mobility.
Social Class reproduction: the tendency for a family's class status to stay constant over generations
Sponsored mobility: Rewards of society are the result of social contracts and favorable treatment |
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Term
Gender tests
Why are they still used in women sport? |
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Definition
Testing that identifies a persons sex(Girl or Boy)
It is still used because they don't want boys to participate in girls sports |
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Term
| Why is it difficult to study and report on the experiences of GLBTI athletes and coaches? |
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Definition
INVISABILITY
-Underestimation of the numbers of (g/l/b) people
-Few visible role models
-Tendency to stereotype from the minority of GLBTI athletes/coaches who are visible
-Feelings of isolation |
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Term
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Definition
-An ideology of inferiority
-A form of prejudice based on attitudes about older people and the process of aging
(Portrayed as confused, frail or helpless) |
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Term
| How and where does ageism appear in sport? |
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Definition
Retirment. The body becomes weak and unable to do things like used to be able too.
(Ex: Brett Favre) |
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Term
| What Structural and cultural elements serve as barriers to participation and physical activity for older adults? |
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Definition
-Behavioral markers
-Physical markers
-Stigma in sports |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Power to influence the public and the political class |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rewards of society are the result of social contracts and favorable treatment |
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Term
| Social class reproduction |
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Definition
| the tendency for a family's class status to stay constant over generations |
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Term
| How does Social Class Reproduction fit/not fit with the myth of Meritocracy? |
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Definition
Meritocracy says you get what you deserve and you deserve what you get, but not everyone is equal from the start since social class reproduction is true
Also people from wealthy family tend to stay wealthy |
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Term
| Conditions for growth of Commercial sports to grow |
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Definition
• 1. Market economies
• 2. Exist in societies with large, densely populated
cities. (potential spectators)
• 3. Prosper in places where standard of living is high.
• 4. Large amounts of capital (money or credit) to
build stadiums and arenas.
• 5. Lifestyle must emphasize consumption and
material status |
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Term
| Sport Socialization research |
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Definition
1. How people become involved in sport and why
2. Why people change or end their participation in sport.
3. The impact (positive and negative) of being involved in sport. |
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Term
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Definition
a population of people who are believed to be naturally or biologically distinct from other populations
(Differenciate in physical traits) |
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Term
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Definition
a cultural heritage that people use to identify a particular population. Not based on biology or genetically determined traits.
(Culture, nationalitly) |
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Term
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Definition
| The fundamental diffidence is that race is socially imposed and hierarchical |
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Term
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Definition
| socially identified population that suffers disadvantages due to systemic discrimination. Often have a strong sense of social togetherness in light of this discrimination. |
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Term
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Definition
-Media helps sport make money
-Shows sport to wide audience at once |
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Term
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Definition
-Inexpensive
-Popular
-Live with no certain outcome
-Boasts the rare ability of elite athletes |
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Term
| Realationship between sport, economy, media and inequality |
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Definition
-Media only covers popular sports, so popular sports dominate media in sports.
-Not everyone can afford tickets or jersey
-Inequality against the lower class and non popular sports (Girls sports) |
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Term
"Gender and Race" report card
And what does it show about minorities in sport? |
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Definition
Tells you percentage of minorites vs white people that particate in the NCAA.
It shows that there are not as many miniorites in sport as white people and they are not getting the same opportunities. |
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Term
| Example of institutional or structural racism in sport? |
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Definition
-All majority owners in the NFL are white
-67% of players are African American |
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Term
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Definition
| Must interview at least one minority when hiring for a new head coach in the NFL |
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Term
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Definition
-The individual is seen as needy and even pitiful.
-People with disabilities are portrayed as “broken” or as sick.
-The assumption is that all people with disabilities want to be fixed and cured |
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Term
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Definition
-focus is on the person’s disability, rather than on the needs of the person.
disability as something that “belongs” to a person; the society does not need to change—the individual with the disability does.
-ultimate solution is to find a cure or to help people with disabilities lead “normal” lives. |
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Term
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Definition
-individuals with disabilities have a right to access, belong to, contribute to, and to be valued in their local community.
-model focuses on the strengths, abilities, and experiences of people with disabilities. Helping the become "normal" but focuses on tackling the social or physical barriers the individual faces
-Does not nessasarly see diffence and "negative" |
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Term
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Definition
| Financial success and educational achievement for Asian American (High income, high education) |
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Term
| Model Minority Myth in Sport |
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Definition
-Asians are seen to be sucessfull in society using there education and brain
-Assumed that Asian are not as good at sports since they are smart.
-Lack of Asian American Role models
(Stacking) |
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Term
Where can one see gender inequalities in sport?
What might the future hold for women in sport?
Coakley gives number of reasons why to me cautious when assuming increase in women participation, What are they |
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Definition
Men dominate the majority of sports, and women are not given equal opportunities, also media mostly covers men
People in the media realize that women make up half the population, therefore half the consumers, and starting to ignore traditional ideas
7 reasons:
-under representation of women in decision making positions
-Emphasis on cosmetic fitness for women
-trivialization of women sports (media makes women seem inferior
-Budget cuts and privatization of sport programs
-Homophobia
-Black lash among people that threaten dominate gender ideology
-resistant to gov't regulations |
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Term
| Consequences of Homophobia in sport |
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Definition
-Bullying
-Discrimination
-Invisibility
-Physical violence |
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Term
| Homophobia in men vs women sport. Whats different |
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Definition
Men: Athletes are looked at as feminine and inferior. Wont be accepted in locker rooms so many dont come out till after carrier is over
Women: Seen as masculine. Not discriminated against as much as men because they dominate in sports. |
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Term
| How do Sport sociologists study inequalities related to race and ethnicity? |
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Definition
1. Identify and assumptions of biological Superior. Highlight assumptions that go along with notions of born talents
2. Demonstrate the powerful racial and ethnic ideologies that pervade sport and wider society. Locate invisibility of whiteness and notion of white privilege
3. Report of institutionalized/structural racism as related to employment and participation in sport |
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