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| first person to successfully use a steam engine to drill for oil |
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| Cheap, fast way to make steel. It was developed in 1850 by Henry Bessemer |
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| Invented first reseach lab. Eventually created the lightbulb, and built an entire system for creating electrical power |
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| Inventor of the telephone |
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| Transcontinental railroad |
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| Railroad linking Pacific and Atlantic coast |
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| Built Illinois factory for sle |
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| a construction company formed in 1864 by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad, who used it to fraudulently skim off railroad profits for themselves |
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| an 1877 case in which the Supreme Court upheld states’ regulation of railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers, thus establishing the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest. |
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| a law, enacted in 1887, that reestablished the federal government’s right to supervise railroad activities and created a five-member Interstate Commerce Commission to do so. |
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| Born to a penniless family, he solved a crisis with a snared group of freight trains. Got promoted and given $, bought stock, & became leader of Carnegie Steel Company |
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| A company’s taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product. |
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| the merging of companies that make similar products. |
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| a company’s taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product. |
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| an economic and social philosophy—supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection—holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest. |
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| Leader of Standard Oil Company |
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| Leader of Standard Oil Company |
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| a law, enacted in 1890, that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade. |
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| led the Cigar Makers' International Union to join with other craft unions in 1886 |
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| American Federation of Labor |
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| An alliance of trade and craft unions |
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| made the first major attempt to form such an industrial union–the American Railway Union (ARU) |
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| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)/Wobblies |
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| Consisted of miners, lumberers, and cannery and dock workers. Allowed African Americans. Gave dignity to unskilled workers. |
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| Most prominent leader in women's labor movement. |
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