Review

First Transcontinental

Railroad

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• Marked the meeting of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads
• During construction, The Union Pacific used Irish labor, While Central Pacific used Chinese labor
• The connection of the railroads opened national markets and met growing economic need

Knights of Labor

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• Militant orgainization seeking solutions to labor problems
• Wanted an eight-hour work day, termination of child labor, equal pay for equal work, and the elimination of private banks

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• Period of new industrial era
• America emerged as the world's leading industrial and agricultural producer

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Theory that wealth was based on the survival of the fittest;associated with Charles Darwin

Robber Barons

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• Leaders of large corporations
• Often gained wealth through questionale business means

John D. Rockefellar

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Founder of Standard Oil

Focused on philanthrophy

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Andrew Carnegie

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• Steel and Iron Companys

• His philanthrophic ventures included Carnegie Hall and public libraries

J.P. Morgan

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Wall Street banker whose company financed railroads,banks,and insurance companies

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Chinese Exclusion Act

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• Only legislation passed to limit immigration of any one group of people
• Passed in response to the Chinese who settled in California after building the railroads

• Established the Interstate Commerce Commission in part to monitor discrimination within the railroad industry
• Proibited rebates and pools and required railroads to publish their rates

Progressivism

Social,political, and economic reform that came as an American response to problems caused by industrialization,urbanization, and immigration.

Sherman Antitrust Act

• Based on Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce
• Corporate monopolies were exposed to federal prosecution if found to conspire in restraining trade
• Supreme Court applied the act to both labor unions and corporations

Populist Party

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• Consisted mostly of farmers
• Many of these ideas were later adopted by the Progressive Party

Nativist

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• people living in the US the longest who resented the newly arrived immigrants
• political party called the Know-Nothings supported this position