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Indian Subcontinent
Final Exam
22
International Studies
Not Applicable
05/29/2005

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Cards

Term
Hinduism & Buddhism
Definition
Karma, Reincarnation, Brahman, Caste, dharma, Nirvana, Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path
Term
Karma
Definition
both-> what you do now will affect what happens later
Term
Reincarnation
Definition
both-> rebirth-> ultimate goal

Karma-to do
dharma-duties
moksha
Term
Brahman
Definition
Hind->ultimate life force-> present in everything
(single supreme being)
Term
Caste
Definition
Hind->social Hierarchy
-Casteism- discrimination against lower castes
-Brahmin- priests/academics
-Kshatrita-rulers, military, warriors
-Vaisya- farmers, merchants/artisans
-Sudra-peasants, servants workers/laborers
-Harijan- "untouchables"
Term
Dharma
Definition
expectations for your life; role in life->Hind
Term
Nirvana
Definition
Bud-> state of tranquility-> ultimate goal

nothingness
Term
Four Noble Truths
Definition
Bud-> basic beliefs-> Buddha?
1. Suffering is universal
2. Greed causes Suffering
3. Misery ends when desire ends
4. Live a proper life by following the EIGHTFOLD PATH
Term
British East India Company
Definition
British got rights in Mughal empire. Gradually expanded; by mid-1800's controlled 3/5 of India. Because of India's diversity, ppl didn't unite against British. Main goal, make money. did things like improve roads and preserve peace, Introduced western ways, Christianity, tried to end caste system
Term
Sepoy Rebellion
Definition
Indians angry, British didn't respect their culture, changed customs and laws, troops wouldn't bite cartridges with animal fat, rose up against officers, soldiers marched to Delhi, hailed last Mughal rukras their leader, violence, British took terrible revenge
-results: British took India under direct control, India had to pay

Indian soliers hired by British rebel-> bit off tips of cartridges with Animal fat-> against religion-> B sent more toops (therefore) taxed Indians more ^ tensions
Term
Eightfold path
Definition
moral/ethical guidelines
Term
Ram Mohun Roy
Definition
wanted to learn from west and revitalize and reform traditional Indian Culture at the same time. Condemned things like caste system, child marriage, oppression of women.
Term
INC
Definition
(1885) Indian National Congress, led by professionals and business leaders who believed in peaceful protest to gain their ends, wanted democracy

educated->figured out what was happening
Term
Muslim League
Definition
Muslims resented Hindu domination of the INC (congress party), formed Muslim League to pursue their own state

Persued goals of Muslims (1906)
Term
Amritsar Massacre
Definition
Crowds organized to listen to Indian Leaders, British commander Reginald Dyer had troops open fire on them. Killed hundreds.
-convinced Indians of evils of British Rule.

B. Troops kill Indians at peaceful gathering-> B look bad-> civil disobedience-> April 13, 1919
Term
Mohandas Gandhi
Definition
fought laws that discriminated against Indians in S.A. used passive resistance, non-violence. Returned to India to oppose British Rule. Embraced Hinduism, read Western works about civil disobedience
-Rejected caste system, fought for equal rights, including "untouchables"

(1869-1948)-> NON-VIOLENT RESISTANCE-> Ahimsa-> needs #s for support (non-violence period)
Term
Salt March
Definition
British had salt monopoly, Indians needed it to live, started 240 mile walk to the sea, picked up thousands of followers, salt spread eveywhere, Gandhi and thousands of Indians jailed, didn't fight, made British look bad

240 miles-> 1930-> anniver. of Amritsar-> many arrested, more to take their place
Term
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Definition
Supported Pakistan, seperate state for Muslims

PM Pakistan?
Term
Pakistan
Definition
hastily drwan up, 2 widely seperated areas; Hindus and Muslims crossed paths trying to get to their own areas, savage violence
Term
Jawaharlal Nehru
Definition
Started Nehru dynasty, led India for 40 years, worked to build a modern secular state dedicated to promoting social justice

Indian Nationalist->1st PM of India
Term
Kashmir
Definition
princely state in HImalayas. It's Hindu prince gave it to India, majority Muslims wanted to be part of Pakistan. Several wars have been fought over it.

border territory claimed by both sides
Term
Modern Issues
Definition
Overpopulation- not allies with US b/c neutral in Cold War- Tsunami
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