Neo-Freudian

Childhood social tensions, not sexual, are important for personality development

Inferiority complex

Understanding the psyche through art, philosophy, religion, and dreams

Archetypes

Three levels of personality traits:

Cardinal trait: dominant trait that makes up your life

Central trait: common to everyone

Secondary trait: situational

Rational Emotive Theory

Changing client's patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior or emotions

Humanistic

Humans have an inborn native ability to develop language

Universal grammar

Theory of Moral Development

Pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional

Disagreed with Kohlberg by saying his theory only took boys into account

Said girls develop morally differently (more based on social relationships)

Personality theory based on genes

Extroversion and Introversion

worked with Watson

Systematic Desensitization: slowly relax yourself until you have no anxiety in the situation

Revised Binet's test and established norms for American children

Stanford-Binet

Developed one of the first projective personality tests

Inkblot test: projects personality by describing thoughts about the blot

Study of conformity (Line test)

Saw if people would conform to the wrong answer even though they knew it was wrong

Obedience study

Normal people can do terrible things (shocking people)

Critical of Freud: based too much on sexual conflict and unconscious

Personality is molded by CURRENT fears and impulses

Learned helplessness

Dogs + unavoidable shock = LH

Positive Psychology: based more on positive aspects of LH

First scientific studies on forgetting

Rapid loss followed by gradual, declining loss

Drive Reduction Theory

All motivation is aimed at reducing a drive state

Hunger, thirst, being tired

Gastric Activity is the basis of hunger

Inserted balloons in subjects stomachs

First study of Just Noticeable Difference

The JND between two stimuli is a constant fraction of the intensity of the standard stimulus

I.E: the bigger or more intense the standard, the larger increment needed to get a noticeable difference

Terminally ill go through 5 stages

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

First person to have a frontal lobotomy by accident

Information on emotion changes