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At home-progressives
Abroad- Imperialists |
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Term
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(1890-Early 1900)
any time a stronger nation takes advantage of a weaker nation for its own econ, polit, military purposes |
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Many say US was opposed to imperialism throughout our history
1. Revolutionary War
2. Washington's Farewell- no foreign entanglements
3. Monroe doctrine-1823-Britain couldn't take back lands in America (1815-end of Napoleonic War)
4. Cleveland-Hawaii Speech-1893-stronger nation shouldn't overtake a weaker one
-noble actions, noble sentiments...issues? Natives |
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| What factors cause us to shift to imperialism? (1893 to 1898) (3) |
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Definition
1. 1890 Census- frontier closed (no more expansion in West)
2. Raw materials/new markets
-1893- depression- 20% unemployment
-2 x more industrial goods
-3 x more farm goods
3. Alfred Thayer Mahan- The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
-we needed:
--bigger navy-The Great White fleets
--coaling stations (naval bases)-Pacific, Caribbean
--Canal in Central America (Panama) |
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| The means by which we acquired an Empire (4) |
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Definition
Causes:
1. Cuban Revolution- guerilla war (hit and run war b/c one side lacks man power)
2. Yellow Journalism (Hearst v Pulitzer)-Sensational Journalism
3. deLome letter-criticized McKinley
4. US's Maine-blown up by a flaw in the boiler room, but Americans believed it was by the Spanish |
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hero- T.R, Rough Riders (their horses were lost and were late to the blowout)
Treaty of Paris 1898 |
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US gets: Philippines $20 mil, Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuban "independence"
Passes by 1 vote
Bill to debate P indep.
outcome? fails only because VP votes against |
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Term
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Colonial Possesions: Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines
Pattern set in Puerto Rico- Foraker Act |
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achived: 4 step process-
1. Military governor
2. US appointed upper house and governor
3. US governor Natives-both houses
4. Common wealth status- elect all gov bodies, all domestic legislation. US maintains central foreign- trade/defense
5.Independence 1946- Ph (?) |
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| Non-colonial Imperial action |
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Definition
Cuba
-US forced them to add Platt Amend
-Cuba could not go into debt to a foreign nation
--US didn't want foreign nations so that they could manipulate Cuba
-Cannot make treaties w/foreign nations
-Cuba must give US a naval station
-US reserves the right to intervene
China
-Open door notes
1. John Hay- Sec state- China must remain open trade to all nations
Nicaragua-
-borrowed from US- to build RR
-US troops took over ports/customs, run RR until repaid |
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| Non-colonial imperial actions |
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Definition
Nicaragua-
-dollar diplomacy- US would intervene to protect American investments abroad
-Roosevelt Corollary- (Addition to Monroe Doctrine (1823))
--US would protect interests in West Hemishpere w/ force if needed (policeman)
Mexico- missionary diplomacy
-US will intervene for moral reasons
-Huerta's violent rise to power (overthrow of Diaz)
-US sent troops to Mexico to crush revolution led by Villa, Zapata
Panama Canal- TR
-coup v Columbia w/ US help
-lease to build and operate for 99 years
(A Man A Plan A Canal Panama (movie)) |
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| 1914-1918 (11-11-18 11:00 AM) |
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-1910
-Book by Norman Angell
-Proposed that war was not going to happen due to the interconnected nature of Europe (folly to engage in war) |
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| 4 Reasons why Europe wouldn't go to war |
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Definition
1. Economic Interdependence- Bank of England
2. Culturally- cross pollination of international works in literature, language, philosophy, and science
3. Communication- international organ. to facilitate use of new technologies
4. Family Ties- Queen Victoria and her 9 grandchildren |
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1. Imperialism- Germany wants colonies
2. Militarism- need for weapons to obtain colonies
3. Alliances-
-Triple Entente- England, Russia, France
-Triple Alliance- Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy
4. Nationalism- provides spark for war- advance cause of nation at any expense
-A-H was a multi-national state- Austrians, Hungarians, Serbs, Czechs, Slovaks, Slavs, Croats, Kosoravs, Slovenes |
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| Economic Changes by WWI (6) |
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Definition
-Wages up 20%
-Costs doubled
-industrial profits skyrocketed
-union membership soars (no strikes til after war)
-income taxes up
--war profits tax
--excise taxes
-farmers added 40 million acres |
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| Political Changes by WWI (8) |
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Definition
-Fed gov expands in size/power
-Espionage & Sedition Acts
-Food Administration (Hoover)
-War Industries Board (WIB Barwch)
-Committee on Public Information (Creed)(4 min men)
--bonds
--conserve
--enlist
-War Labor Board
-RR & Fuel Administrations
-Shenk V US (kept Debs in jail) |
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| Social Changes by WWI (2) |
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Definition
-Great Migration- Af. Am moved North for Ford's factories
-Women-
--job opportunities
--19th Amendment- right to vote
--18th Amendment- Prohibition |
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| Causes of WWI-14 pts- Treaty of Versailles |
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Definition
-Imperialism- Free Trade (no tariff, etc)- Germany lost colonies
-Militarism- dramatic arms reduction- decimated German military only
-Alliances- not much-nothing
-Nationalism-the right of self-determination, colonized people get say in gov, new boundaries-self-determination (4 leaders redraw world map),
losers? Russia, A-H, Germany, Ottomans
*new nations- Poland, Czech, Lithuania, etc (know w/ locations!)
-Unrestricted sub Warfare- Freedom of Seas
-Zimmerman Telegram- no secret treaties |
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